英文Grammar小知識

Past Participle 中文 詳解 Past Participle 用法 究竟什麼是past participle? 什麼情況下會用pp？ 在perfect tense 底下用只是其中一個用法！ 小編為大家整理了Past Participle的用法，並附上大量例子，第三個用法是非常實用的！ Past Participle 意思 Past Participle 可能大家會比較陌生，不過如果是pp大家就一定會知道。 大家都會聯想到以前學tenses時，perfect tense要用pp。 其實Past Participle 就是 pp。 Past Participle 用法 Perfect Tenses Passive Voice Past Participle Phrase Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Tense & Past Perfect Tense 都會使用Past Participle。 例句： We’ve visited five countries already. Have you ever been to London? There has been a big earthquake in Japan. The concert had already started when we arrived. I looked out of the window and it seemed like the accident had just happened. John phoned his mother after he had arrived in Sydney. Passive Voice 另一個大家最常用Past Participle的地方就是Passive Voice。 例句： A jewellery shop was broken into yesterday. Something is finally being done to save the coral. This morning’s English lesson was taught by Ms Kong, not Ms Knight. Past Participle Phrase 最後一個就是這篇文章的主角：Past Participle Phrase。 我們還可以用它們來表明兩個動作同時發生或一個接一個發生。 我們也可以用Past Participle Phrase來代替 because、since 和 as。 基本上90%以上的句子結構都可以用Past Participle Phrase 來表達。 Past Participle Phrase 簡單易學，而且可以幫助大家擺脫普通SVO句式以及since because等字眼。 更重要的是，不少DSE 5**文章以及 IELTS Band 9文章都有用！ Past Participle Phrase構成方式 我們以Past Participle（例如 helped、seen）作為Past Participle Phrase的開頭。 我們用它們來代替一般現在式、一般過去式、現在進行式或過去進行式的主語+被動動詞。 很難明？ 看看例句你就會明！ Past Participle Phrase 例句 原句： Coffee is drunk by millions every day. It is one of the world’s most popular drinks. 改寫： Drunk by millions every day, coffee is one of the world’s most popular drinks. 原句： Andy was disappointed by the game. He went home early. 改寫： Disappointed by the game, Andy went home early. 原句： John was being bullied at school. He was very unhappy. Bullied at school, John was very unhappy. Past Participle Phrase用法 表示原因 Terrified by the dog, Joe ran away as fast as he could. Delayed at the airport, I read my new book. 表示兩個動作同時發生或一個接一個發生 Introduced to the host, I thanked him for the wonderful party. Teased by her classmates. She is very angry. Past Participle Phrase伏位 進行式 當我們用現在進行式或過去進行式替換被動動詞，我們也可以在過去分詞前使用 being。 例句： Being teased by her classmates, Eva is very angry. Being bullied at school, John was very unhappy. 否定式 我們通過在past participle之前添加 not 來構成否定past participle phrase。 例句： Not allowed into the nightclub, the photographer waited outside the entrance. Past Participle 表 原形 Past Participle be been bear born become become begin begun bite bitten break broken bring brought build built burn burnt  buy bought catch caught come come choose chosen cost cost cut cut do done draw drawn drink drunk drive driven eat eaten fall fallen feed fed feel felt find found fly flown forget forgotten get got(ten) give given go gone grow grown have had hear heard hold held hurt hurt keep kept know known leave left let let lie lain light lit lose lost make made mean meant meet met pay paid put put quit quit(ted) read read ride ridden ring rung run run say said see seen sell sold send sent shake shaken shine shone shut shut sing sung sit sat sleep slept speak spoken spend spent spread spread stand stood swim swum take taken teach taught tell told think thought throw thrown understand understood wake woken wear worn win won write written 如果大家有什麼英文問題，如Spencer Lam, 好唔好咁樣學英文呀? 或者IELTS考試，成人英文/商業英文的知識及英文資源，歡迎你可以隨時再跟我多交流一下，可以Follow 「Spencer Lam English Team」 Facebook

Reported Speech 文法 Reported Speech 教學 大全 Direct Speech 點樣轉做 Reported Speech？ 裡面有咩字要轉？ Tenses點轉？ Pronoun點轉？ 你是否有以上的煩惱？ 不用擔心！小編幫大家整理了這篇Reported Speech全攻略，並囊括大量 Reported Speech 例子！ Reported Speech 意思 在語言學中，Reported Speech是一種語法，用於報告另一話語的內容而不直接引用它。 Reported Speech 的另一個學名是 Indirect Speech Direct Speech vs Reported Speech Direct Speech 與 Reported Speech 最明顯的分別就是“” 直接看例句： Directed Speech Chris said,”I am sorry for this.” He asked Jason,”Can you lend me some money?” Reported Speech Chris said that he was sorry for that. He asked Jason if he could land him some money Reported Speech 轉換 Directed Speech 與 Reported Speech 經常互相轉換。 尤其是把Directed Speech 轉換成 Reported Speech。 在這種狀況下，Pronoun, Tenses, 時間Adverb, 地點Adverb, 指示代詞等。 Pronoun 變化 把Direct Speech 轉換成 Reported Speech，“”引號裏面的句子要遵從「第一人稱跟subject；第二人稱跟object；第三人稱不變。」 看看例句： Direct Speech： She told me,”I don’t think you will like him“ Subject：She Object：me I = 第一人稱 所以是She you = 第二人稱 所以是me 不過要變成主語 I him = 第三人稱 對應Reported Speech： She told me that she didn’t think I would like him 更多例句 例子1 Direct Speech: He said, “I painted it all by myself, Mary.” Reported Speech: He told Mary that he had painted it all by himself 例子2 Direct Speech: She said to me,”I am very glad to see you.” Reported Speech: She told me that she was very glad to see me. *如果direct speech 用 A said to B…，那麼在reported speech 可以轉成 A told B that.. Tenses 變化 Directed Speech 轉成 Reported Speech 也要注意以下的Tenses 轉換。 Directed Speech Reported Speech Simple Present Tense Simple Past Tense Present Continuous Tense Past Continuous Tense Simple Past Tense Past Perfect Tense Present Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Tense (不變) Can Could May Might Must Had to Shall/will Should/would 例句： Direct Speech: She said,”They go to the library every day” Reported Speech: She said that they went to the library every day 更多例句 例子1 Direct Speech: Nathan said,”I have lost my pen” Reported Speech: Nathan said that he had lost his pen 例子2 Direct Speech: He said to Mary,”I shall meet you at the airport.” Reported Speech: He told Mary that he would meet her at the airport. 時間 Adverb 變化 Directed Speech 轉成 Reported Speech 也要注意以下的時間 Adverb 轉換。 Directed Speech Reported Speech Now Then Today That day Tonight That night This week That week Yesterday The day before Yesterday evening The evening before Last week The week before Two months ago Two months before Tomorrow morning The next morning Next week The next week The day after tomorrow Two days later The day before yesterday Two days before 例句： Direct Speech She said,”I saw Mary yesterday.” Reported Speech She said that she had seen Mary the day before. 更多例句 例子1 Direct Speech: She said,”He is reading now.” Reported Speech: She said that he was reading then. 例子2 Direct Speech: “There will be a football match next week,” he said. Reported Speech: He said that there would be a football match the next week. 地點 Adverb 變化 Directed Speech 轉成 Reported Speech 也要注意以下的地點 Adverb 轉換。 Directed Speech Reported Speech Here There 例句： Direct Speech He said,”Great changes have taken place here.” Reported Speech He said that

Simple Past Tense (過去式) 第一部分就要離開“現在” 講解 “過去”。 介紹另一個 Tense時態 Grammar item：past tense 過去式！ Simple Past tense 過去式 應該是大家學英文時第二個接觸的 Tense。（應該係，除非唔係） 不過，不要以為總是用就不會錯。 正正就是因為太常用所以越容易弄亂基本概念。 今天我就在這裏跟大家詳解Simple Past tense 過去式的用法， 快快讀下去看看自己是不是已經完全掌握English Simple Past tense 過去式！ 用法1：過去的習慣/重複的行爲 習慣？ 不是應該用present tense 現在式嗎？ 習慣都可能有過去的版本。 就好像Spencer Sir 以前做開gym，宜家無做，所以咪中年發福咯！ 例句： He walked to home every day. Sometimes, he took a shortcut. 他每天都步行回家。有時，他會走捷徑。 She played basketball every day when She was in high school. 她上高中的時候每天都打籃球！ 用法2：過去同時/緊隨其後發生的兩個或以上的事件 看似非常模糊？ 看看例句就會明白！ The moment she saw her son, she stopped crying. 當她看到兒子的那一刻，她停止了哭泣。 I woke up and took a bath. 我醒來後洗了個澡。 這裏允許我將些少Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式。 我會在後面的章節再作詳解！ 我們使用過去進行式 + 簡單過去式來表明其中一個動作比另一個動作長： As he was walking by the dam, he saw water seeping through a small hole. 當他走過大壩時，他看到水從一個小洞裡滲出。 用法3：在一個特定及已知的時間發生的事情 這種情況下，應該都非常自然會用到過去式。 例句： I met my teacher last Monday.我上週一遇到了我的老師。 Yesterday, Jennie saved her vase from breaking. 昨天，珍妮救了她的花瓶不被打破。 Past Tense 構成方式 Past Tense be動詞 陳述句 在簡單過去式，我們可以這樣用 verb to be 構成肯定和否定陳述句： Subject Verb to be   I He/ She/ It Was Was not/ wasn’t Happy. Late. Right. You We They Were Were not/ weren’t Past Tense 其他動詞 陳述句 在簡單過去式，我們可以這樣用其他動詞構成肯定和否定陳述句： Subject Verb   I You We They He / She / It passed did not / didn’t pass the test. 動詞 過去式 型態 對於規則動詞，我們將 -ed 添加到動詞以形成簡單過去式對於其他動詞，我們以不同的方式改變結尾 規則動詞： Verbs We should… Examples Most verbs + ed walk  walked       work  worked Verbs ending in –e + d hate  hated  like  liked Verbs ending in –y – y + ied carry  carried       cry  cried Some verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant double the consonant + ed plan  planned      stop  stopped 不規則動詞： We can… Examples keep the word as it is beat  beat hit  hit put  put cost  cost hurt  hurt read  read cut  cut let  let shut  shut change the vowel(s) become became drink  drank know  knew sing  sang throw  threw come  came fall  fell meet  met sit  sat win  won choose  chose give  gave run  ran swim  swam write  wrote change the final consonant bend  bent make  made build  built send  sent lend  lent spend  spent change the word break  broke catch  caught have  had see  saw take  took bring  brought do  did find  found leave  left speak  spoke buy  bought eat  ate go  went say  said think  thought Past Tense 提問+回答 在簡單過去式，我們可以這樣用 verb to be 構成是/否問題： Was I he / she / it happy? late? right? Were you we they Yes, I he / she / it was. you we they were. No, I he / she / it was not / wasn’t. you we they were not / weren’t. 在簡單過去式，我們可以這樣用其他動詞構成是/否問題： Did I you we they he / she / it do the right thing? help them? pass the test? Yes, I you we they he / she / it did. No, I you we they he / she / it did

Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式 Past Continuous Tense 用法 大全 這篇文章會詳解過去式的兄弟 Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式！ Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式 初初學的時候就覺得它就是Present Continuous Tense的過去版。 是不是呢？ 今天我就在這裏跟大家詳解Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式的用法， 快快讀下去看看自己是不是已經完全掌握！ 用法1：過去某個特定時間發生中的事情 這個非常直接且容易了解 直接看例句： His mother was sobbing when he arrived home. 當他回到家時，他的母親正在抽泣。 I was going back home at 10 last night. 我昨晚10點就要回家了。 用法2：過去同時/緊隨其後發生的兩個或以上的事件 例句： The boy was walking by the dam when suddenly he saw water seeping through a small hole. 男孩正走過大壩，突然看到水從一個小洞裡滲出來。 通常是這種場景裡面 ，「較長的行為」會用Past Continuous Tense（例句的was steeping就是持續性較長的行為） ， 而「較短的行為」就會用到Past Tense（例句的saw） 。  再多一句例句： My sister ran into an accident while mum was cooking yesterday. 我姐姐昨天在媽媽做飯的時候遇到了一場事故。 不過，有時候我們不會限定自己一個用過去 式；一個用過去進行式。 你知道嗎？ 當兩個較長的動作/事件在過去持續了一段時間， 我們其實可以兩者一起用過去進行式 例如： While he was waiting, the sky was getting darker. 在他等待的時候，天空越來越暗。 用法3：恆常發生且意料之外事情 這類事情通常都是不受歡迎、負面的 例句： My kids were always fighting against each other. Therefore, I hired different helpers.我的孩子們總是互相爭鬥。因此，我雇傭了不同的幫手。 用法4：形容數據改變同趨勢 如果要記錄數據， 當然是記錄過去數據。 所以這是很自然地用過去式 不過，當提及到改變與趨勢時， 我們可以用過去進行式。 例句： The divorce rate was falling in the 1990s but it is now rising. 離婚率在1990年代有所下降，但現在正在上升。 Past Continuous Tense構成方式 用be動詞構成陳述句？ 在過去進行式，我們可以這樣用動詞構成肯定和否定陳述句： Subject Verb to be -ing form of verb I He / She / It was was not / wasn’t enjoying listening looking the food. to the music. at Mrs Lam. You We They were were not / weren’t Past Continuous Tense提問+回答 在過去進行式，我們可以這樣用動詞構成是/否問題： Was I he / she / it enjoying the food? looking at Mrs Lam? snoring very loudly? Were you we they Yes, I you we they he / she / it did. No, I you we they he / she / it did not / didn’t. 如果大家有什麼英文問題，如Spencer Lam, 好唔好咁樣學英文呀? 或者IELTS考試，成人英文/商業英文的知識及英文資源，歡迎你可以隨時再跟我多交流一下，可以Follow 「Spencer Lam English Team」 Facebook page同IG得到更多英文資訊，亦都可以上 https://spencerlam.hk/ 了解更多!