英文Grammar小知識

Present Continuous Tense 用法 Present Continuous Tense 用法 大全 在這篇文章就當然要介紹現在式的兄弟 Grammar item：Present Continuous Tense 現在進行式 很多人以爲現在進行式就是人如其名：「當下發生 / 進行中的事情」 這樣的理解只是對了20% 所以，我就在這裏跟大家詳解現在進行式 （Present Continuous Tense），並配上大量例子！ 快快讀下去看看自己是不是已經完全掌握！ 用法1：當下發生 / 進行中的事情 當然，先解釋最多人記得的用法！ 例句： I’m sitting here with Sabrina Fung. 我和Sabrina Fung坐在這裡。 I’m drinking tomato juice. 我正在喝番茄汁。 I’m recording a CD together with Frankie Chan. 我正在和Frankie Chan一起錄製CD。 I’m learning so much from working with him. 我從與他的合作中學到了很多東西。 In this picture, Sabrina is wearing a beautiful dress from a local designer. 在這張照片中，薩布麗娜穿著當地設計師的漂亮連衣裙。 用法2：即將發生的事情 這個用法就是被不少人遺忘！ 例句： We’re helping at the animal shelter this term. 我們在這個學期在動物收容所幫忙。 用法3：未來計畫 與用法二相似，不過這次時強調已經planned了的計畫。 例句： We’re leaving next week. 我們下週出發。 用法4：發展和變化的情況 有人會把這個用法與第一個用法當成同一個用法。 小編認為合併抑或分開都是可接受的。 不過小編喜歡分開他們。 例句： It’s getting cold. 天氣變冷了。 He’s becoming tired. 他越來越累了。 用法5：在圖片中看到的動作 這個用法比第二個用法更加容易被人遺忘！ 原來照片中的動作可以用present continuous tense作描述！ 例句： In this picture, Sabrina is wearing a beautiful dress from a local designer. 在這張照片中，Sabrina穿著一件當地設計師設計的漂亮連衣裙。 In this photo, I’m enjoying an ice cream. 在這張照片中，我正在享用冰淇淋。 Present Continuous Tense 構成方式 用現在進行式形成be動詞陳述 在現在進行式，我們可以這樣用動詞構成肯定和否定陳述句： Subject Verb to be -ing form of the verb I am / ’m am not / ’m not doing taking waiting a lot right now. a break. for Kevin. You We They are / ’re are not / aren’t He / She / It is / ’s is not / isn’t 點樣加 -ing？ 當我們形成現在分詞時，我們會做以下改變： Verbs We should… Examples Most verbs + ing beat  beating look  looking see  seeing Short verbs ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + a consonant (except w) double the consonant + ing chat  chatting run  running swim  swimming Verbs ending in -e – e + ing have  having make  making write  writing Verbs ending in -ie – ie + y + ing die  dying lie  lying tie  tying Present Continuous Tense 提問+回答 在現在進行式，我們可以這樣用動詞構成是/否問題： Am I getting better? leaving today? watching cartoons? Are You We They Is He/ she/ it Yes, I am. You We They are. He/ she/ it is.   No, I am not / ’m not. You We They are not / aren’t. He/ she/ it is not / isn’t. 伏位：不使用現在進行式的動詞 在現在進行時，很少使用一些動詞。因為它們代表狀態（例如感覺、意見或情況）而不是動作，所以這些動詞被稱為靜態動詞。 Verb Example Verb Example agree I agree with Tom’s suggestion. love My parents love me very much. appear My watch appears to be broken. need We need some more fruit. be Stella is still at school. realise Does he realise who you are? believe We don’t believe your excuse. seem That shop seems expensive. belong Do these shoes belong to you? sound Their music sounds great. cost These shirts cost too much. suppose I suppose you’re right. hate I really hate crowded buses. understand Does Dan understand French? know Does anyone know the answer? want Miss Lo wants me to do well. like Brenda doesn’t like milk tea. wish Eric, they wish to see you. Present Continuous Tense 字眼 有不少老師教學生present continuous tense都會講，有now就-ing。 有now 就 present continuous tense。 不過，記住tenses是一種暗示，同學應該理解什麼情況下使用present continuous tense，而不是見到什麼字眼就使用什麼tenses！ 如果大家有什麼英文問題，如Spencer Lam, 好唔好咁樣學英文呀? 或者IELTS考試，成人英文/商業英文的知識及英文資源，歡迎你可以隨時再跟我多交流一下，可以Follow 「Spencer Lam English Team」 Facebook page同IG得到更多英文資訊，亦都可以上 https://spencerlam.hk/ 了解更多!

Present Tense 用法 第一部分就當然要介紹一個IELTS/DSE English常用的Grammar item：Simple Present Tense現在式！ Simple Present Tense 現在式應該係大家學英文時第一個接觸的 Tense。 不要以為總是用就不會錯。 正正就是因為太常用所以越容易弄亂基本概念。 今天我就在這裏跟大家詳解Present Tense現在式的用法， 快快讀下去看看自己是不是已經完全掌握English Present Tense的用法！ 用法1：習慣 Simple Present Tense 可以用來描述「現有的習慣」。 例如： I go to the gym every day. 也就是指「我平常是會做gym的人」 還有其他例子： I always eat salads and drink fruit juice. I eat breakfast. 都是同樣道理。 這些習慣可能是有規律地進行的行為 例如： I have English classes every Wednesday. 我逢星期三都有英文課 （我當然唔希望你只係得星期三有英文堂啦！） 用法2：事實 Simple Present Tense 可以用來描述「事實」。 例如： The Present Day is a chat show. 《現在》是一檔脫口秀節目。 Sabrina and Johnny are famous. 薩布麗娜和約翰尼都很有名。 Sabrina is almost 40 years old. 薩布麗娜已經快40歲了。 用法3：指令 Simple Present Tense 可以用來描述「指令」。 例如： 你媽媽成日都會講： Go to sleep now.請你現在去睡覺。 又例如 Give me a cup of tea. 給我一杯茶。 這些都是很明顯的指令！ 所以，我們會用現在式 Present Tense！ 用法4：預先安排好的事情 Simple Present Tense 可以用來描述預先安排好的事情。 例如： The film starts in 15 minutes. 電影將在 15 分鐘後開始。 有例如： The train departs in 2 minutes 火車2分鐘後出發 用法5：想法、感受和意見 例如： He loves my voice. 他喜歡我的聲音。 This juice tastes delicious. 這種果汁味道鮮美。 You look great! 你看起來很棒！ Present Tense 構成方式 用be動詞構成陳述 在一般現在式，我們可以這樣用verb to be 構成肯定和否定陳述句： Subject Verb to be I am / ’m am not / ’m not fifteen. in the living room. very loyal. You We They are / ’re are not / aren’t He / She / It is / ’s is not / isn’t 用其他動詞形成陳述 在一般現在式，我們可以這樣用其他動詞構成肯定和否定陳述句： Subject Verb   I You We They like do not / don’t like this music. running. spicy food. He / She / It likes does not / doesn’t like 第三人稱單數動詞 伏位 對於大多數動詞，我們使用第三人稱單數（即 he / she / it）時會將 -s 添加到動詞對於其他動詞，我們會以不同的方式改變結尾 Verbs We should… Examples Most verbs + s buy & buys     hate & hates Verbs ending in a consonant + -y – y + ies carry & carries   hurry & hurries Verbs ending in -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, -o + es miss & misses   fix & fixes push & pushes    catch & catches do & does 當然，以上只是一些很籠統的規則，大家可能會找到一些小的例外！ 不過95%以上的動詞都會這樣轉換！ Present Tense 提問+回答 在一般現在式，我們可以這樣用 verb to be 構成是/否問題： Am I fifteen? in the living room? very loyal? Are You We They Is He/ she/ it Yes, I am. You We They are. He/ she/ it is. No, I am not / ’m not. You We They are not / aren’t. He/ she/ it is not / isn’t. 在一般現在式，我們可以這樣用其他動詞構成是/否問題： Do I you we they like this music? run every day? eat spicy food? Does he / she / it Yes, I You We They do. He/ she/ it does. No, I You We They do not/ don’t. He/ she/ it does not/ doesn’t. 如果大家有什麼英文問題，如Spencer Lam, 好唔好咁樣學英文呀? 或者IELTS考試，成人英文/商業英文的知識及英文資源，歡迎你可以隨時再跟我多交流一下，可以Follow 「Spencer Lam English Team」 Facebook page同IG得到更多英文資訊，亦都可以上 https://spencerlam.hk/ 了解更多!

Present Perfect Tense (現在完成式) Present Perfect Tense 用法 在此當然要介紹現在式的一位兄弟 ：Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式 Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式應該是大家學英文比較後期接觸的 Tense。 這令到不少同學覺得複雜，感覺它跟過去式很相似，從而混肴兩者。 不過，這只是表面的恐懼！ 所以，我就在這裏跟大家詳解現在完成式 （Present Perfect Tense）。 快快讀下去，立下心腸今天就要學會！ 今天 Spencer Sir 會教你精通現在完成式 用法1：在過去發生，並一直延續至今 (未來都很有可能繼續) 如果再過去發生，而事情或者事情的影響是延續至今，我們就會用Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式。 例句： We’ve visited five countries already. 我們已經訪問了五個國家。 I’ve lost my phone. Now I can’t receive text messages. 我的手機丟了。現在我無法接收簡訊。 Susan has joined the Swimming Club for four years. Susan已經加入游泳俱樂部四年了。 用法2：不久前完成的動作 若果有一件事情/動作是在短時間之前完成，我們便會使用present perfect tense 例句： I’ve just returned to the room. 我剛回房間。 用法3：過往的經驗影響到現在 ⼀般來說，現在完成式通常⽤以形容⼀些以往曾經有過的經驗，亦可加上否定語，形容⼀些從未有過的經驗。 但必須留意，現在完成式並不可⽤於形容⼀些特定時間發⽣的事情∕動作。 例句： I’ve seen the Colosseum. 我見過羅馬鬥獸場。 I have read that book before.我以前看過這本書。 I haven’t been to Ireland. 我沒有去過愛爾蘭。 用法4：過去的行動在現在產生結果 其中一個可能性就是成就 我們會⽤現在完成式去說明⼀些在過去時間中，個⼈，團體所得到的成就∕達到的⽬標。 例句： Alain Aspect has established the violation of Bell inequalities. Alain Aspect 已經建立了 Bell 不等式的違反。 I’ve lost my phone. Now I can’t receive text messages. 我的手機丟了。現在收不到短信。 用法5：新聞 在描述新聞時，我們可以使用present perfect tense. 例句： There has been a big earthquake in Japan. 日本發生了大地震。 Present Perfect Tense 寫作公式 Present Perfect Tense 陳述句 我們用現在完成時形成正面和負面的陳述，像這樣…… Subject have/has past participle   I / You / We / They have (’ve) visited five countries. have not (haven’t) been to London. He / She / It has (’s) seen the Colosseum. has not (hasn’t) found the phone. Present Perfect Tense 問句 我們用現在完成式這樣問問題…… (Question word) have/has subject past participle     Have I / you / we / they heard the news?   Has he / she / it gone home? Where have I / you / we / they been?   Why has he / she / it returned?   我們像這樣以現在完成式時態回答是/否問題…… Question Positive answer Negative answer Have they heard the news? Yes, they have. No, they have not. No, they haven’t. Has he gone home? Yes, he has. No, he has not. No, he hasn’t. 如果大家有什麼英文問題，如Spencer Lam, 好唔好咁樣學英文呀? 或者IELTS考試，成人英文/商業英文的知識及英文資源，歡迎你可以隨時再跟我多交流一下，可以Follow 「Spencer Lam English Team」 Facebook page同IG得到更多英文資訊，亦都可以上 https://spencerlam.hk/ 了解更多!

Inversion Grammar Inversion 用法 大全 不少5**狀元的文章中都有使用這種句式。 如果你正在煩惱怎樣寫出倒裝句， 或者你不知道何時使用倒裝句， 不想再被老師打交叉✖️ 那麼這篇文章就是專門為您設計！ 內裡有大量例句以及精確解析！ 什麽是 Inversion ? 在大多數英語語句中，主語位於動詞之前。當我們將主語放在動詞之後時，它被稱為倒裝(Inversion)。 其實各位一直都在應用倒裝 最常見的用法是在問題中： By the way, do you have Tony’s contact details? 免費試堂 Inversion 用法 Inversion 用法大致分成5種： 問問題 在某些adverb後使用 Conditional sentence Direct speech so/neither/nor/as/than 後使用 免費試堂 用法一：問問題 在文章的開頭，小編向大家展示了Inversion最常被無意識地使用的情況，就是問問題。 甚至連question tag 都會使用！ Inversion 問問題 例句 Do your teachers set you a lot of homework? Was this bus here earlier today? Did Karen remember to post my letters?  Has Freddy had his breakfast yet? Can we go swimming on Saturday?   Would you like another dumpling? Who was that boy outside the door?    Where shall we go tonight?  We should get up early tomorrow, shouldn’t we? John likes to play tennis, doesn’t he? 免費試堂 用法二：在某些adverb後使用 某些具有否定意義的adverb和adverb phrase後面常接倒裝(Inversion)。 這種結構主要用於正式英語中以強調一個觀點 這些常用adverb包括： hardly hardly ever little never no sooner … than not only not until/till rarely scarcely ever scarcely … when seldom under/in no circumstances 用法二 例句 Under no circumstances  should they have any problems. Rarely does Joe do his work on time. Never have I been to such a lovely place. Only by regular exercise can you hope to keep fit. 免費試堂 用法三：Conditional sentence 在正式的英語中，我們可以使用Inversion來構成沒有連接詞if的條件句。 當我們倒置Conditional Sentence Type 1時，我們將 if 替換為 should 當我們倒置Conditional Sentence Type 2時，我們總是使用助動詞 were 當我們倒置Conditional Sentence Type 3時，我們改變主語和助動詞 had 的順序，並刪除 if： 用法三 例句 Should you change your mind, please let me know. (= If you change your mind, please let me know.) Were Carl to ask you to the party, would you accept? (= If Carl asked you to the party, would you accept?) Have we been told about Mr. Lam Mr Lee’s visit earlier, we’d have had much more time to get everything prepared. (= If Sue had seen your exam results, she would have been impressed.) 免費試堂 用法四：Direct speech 第四種用法Direct speech也是絕大多數同學很不自覺地就會使用inversion的情況。 這裏不多解釋，直接看例句會更清晰！ 用法四 例句 ‘I’ll help you with that,’ said the stranger. ‘Sit down and be quiet!’ shouted Miss Lee. 用法四 常見陷阱 當主語是代詞時，我們不在直direct speech後使用inversion。 ‘Shall I get some cold drinks?’ he asked. 免費試堂 用法五：so/neither/nor/as/than後使用 第五種方法有點難分類，所以索性把它獨立出來。 我們也可以在 so 和 neither/nor 之後使用inversion。 在肯定的陳述之後使用 so 另外，在否定陳述之後使用 neither 或 nor 此外，我們可以使用倒置來與 as 和 than 進行比較。 用法五 例句 John’s gone on holiday.  Has he? So has Dan.(= Dan has gone on holiday too.) I don’t know how to swim.  Neither / Nor do I.(= I don’t know how to swim either.) The Hong Kong Car Service Company is reliable, as is ABC Company. Mr Ho visits Hong Kong more often than does Mr Lam. 免費試堂 Inversion 寫作公式 小編都知道大家最想要的不只是用法，而是怎樣在實戰寫作中寫出無懈可擊的inversion。 所以一下會提供一些寫作公式，供大家參考！ 作用1: 表示並列關係 Not only …also (不但…而且) Example: Not only does China manufacture goods, it also produces many prominent athletes. 作用2: 表示否定 Seldom … (甚少) Example: Seldom do Hong Kong students read books in their leisure time. Rarely… (極少) Example: Rarely does the CY Leung administration listen to public opinion. Hardly…(幾乎不能) Example: With the ossified education system, hardly can students develop their creativity. Never … (永不) Example: Despite its promise in the constitution, never does Beijing allow the citizens to have freedom of expression, freedom of press and freedom of religion. At no time (永不會) Example: At no time will the

Modal verbs 文法 modal verb 大全 modal verb 有哪些？ modal verb 用法是什麼？ 如果要加not要點樣加？ modal verb縮寫？ 如果你有以上的問題， 這篇文章就是專為你而設，並解答以上所有問題！ Modal verbs 中文 詳解 Modal verb 中文是情感動詞，用來表達可能、意願、必要性等動詞。 我們從不會在情態動詞後面的動詞加上 -ing、-s 或 -ed。 我們也不需要使用助動詞 do 構成疑問句和否定句的動詞。 Modal verbs有哪些 Modal verbs 例子包括： can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would Modal verbs 用法 Modal verbs 用法主要有5種： 談及能力 提出請求並請求許可 談及可能性和確定性 談論必要性和禁止 提供建議 用法一：談及能力 在談及能力時，我們會使用can could等 modal verbs。 類似be able to。 我們用 could 來談論過去的能力。在這些情況下，could 是 can 的簡單過去式 我們還用 could 來談論某人何時開始能夠做某事 用法一 can 例句 I can play tennis very well I cannot (can’t) windsurf at all Can you play tennis? Yes, I can. Can you windsurf? No, I can’t。 用法一 could 例句 When he was young, my grandfather could run the 400-metre race faster than anyone else at his school. (He could do it then, but he can’t do it now.) I could swim when I was four. (I learnt to swim when I was four. I can still swim.) 用法二：提出請求並請求許可 我們使用modal verbs can/could/may/might + bare infinitive來提出請求和請求許可。 不同modal verbs取決於情況的正式程度： 簡單而言： (最不formal) can could may might (最formal) 若果要提出要約和邀請，我們使用表達方式 would like。 用法二 例句 Can you lend me your calculator? Could you pass the salt? May I go to the toilet, sir? Excuse me, may I ask you a few questions? Would you like a drink? Yes, please. Would you like to come to my party? I’d love to. 用法二 常見錯誤 我們只在希望被允許做某事時才使用 may。不過，我們不能用 May you（或 Might you）提出請求： (錯誤)May you give me a lift to the airport? (正確) Could you give me a lift to the airport? 用法三：談及可能性和確定性 我們使用modal verbs may/might/could + bare infinitive來談論可能性，我們使用 will、shall 和 must 來談論確定性。 Certain will shall must Less certain may might could 用法三 例句 There must be some special event today. It will take longer than usual to get to school today. There’s very little traffic today. It won’t take long to get to school. I shall be away for only a few days. I shan’t be away for long. We may have to go to a convenience store instead. I’m not sure where the calculator is. It could be/might be in my bag. 用法四：談論必要性和禁止 我們用 must/have to/need to + bare infinitive 來談論必要性，即必須的事情/我們被要求或期望做的事情。 必要性強 必要性弱 must have to need to should ought to 我們使用否定形式 must not（不得）和 cannot（不能）來談論禁止，即不允許我們做的事情： 用法四 例句 (必要性) All children must go to school. I had to walk to school when I was a child. I should go to the gym, but I’m too tired. I really ought to go home, but I don’t want to miss the second half of the game. 用法四 例句 (禁止) You mustn’t cross the street here. We cannot wear jeans to school. 用法四 常見錯誤 否定式 must not vs need not 兩者的意思是很不同的： You mustn’t go in there. It says ‘No entry’. (你不准進去。) You needn’t go in there. There’s nothing in there. (沒有理由去那裡。) 用法五：提出意見 我們可以使用 must/have to/need to/had better/should/ought to + bare infinitive來給出建議。 我們根據我們的建議的強弱程度使用不同的modal verbs： 強烈 較弱 must have to need to should ought to 用法五 例句 You should/ought to take up a sport. （=我認為你最好……） You should not (shouldn’t)/ought not to (oughtn’t to) watch so much TV. （=我認為這對你來說是個壞主意……） Should

Preposition 用法 詳解 英文前置詞/介係詞就是preposition。 原則上，preposition會放在名詞或代名詞前面，用來表示那個名詞與句子中其他字的關係，可以算是聯係不同字眼的橋梁， 包括：時間、位置、屬性、因果、方式等，讓句子更豐富。 免費試堂 Prepositions 例子 Prepositions of time   Usage Example on days of the week on Friday in months / seasons time of day year after a certain period of time (when?) in September / in autumn in the evening in 2020 in thirty minutes at for night a certain point of time at night at half past seven since from a certain point of time in the past since 1999 for a certain past time until present for 10 years ago a time in the past 4 years ago before earlier than a specified date before 2020 to telling the time ten to 10 (9:50) past telling the time ten past five (5:10) to / till / until the beginning and end of a period of time from Wednesday to/till Friday till / until how long something is going to last He is on vacation until Sunday by indicating the latest something will happen by up to a certain time I will be done with work by 6 o’clock. By 7 pm, I had finished my chores. 免費試堂 Prepositions of place   Usage Example in room, building, street, town, country book, paper, etc. transportation picture, world We sleep in our bedroom. We live in Texas. I live in the United States. I read about it in Harry Potter. We are going in a bus to the sports game. You look great in that picture. Where in the world were you? at next to or by an object for sitting at a table for events place where you are to doing something Leave your shoes at the door. We have dinner at the table. I told him I would meet him at school. We are studying at the library. on attached being on an object for a certain side for a floor in a house for public transportation for media The mirror is on the wall. The keys are on the desk. The stage is on the right side. We live on the first floor. I talked to him on the bus. I saw it on Twitter. by, next to, beside left or right of an object or person The school is next to the church. under on the ground or lower than something else The ants are under the rock. below lower than something else The glasses go below the cups in the pantry. over covered by something else meaning more than getting to the other side overcoming an obstacle Put a blanket over your lap. You can drive if you are over 16 years of age. Drive over the bridge. Climb over the wall. above higher than something else, but not directly over it The plates go above the glasses in the pantry. across go to the other side Walk across the bridge. Swim across the pool. through to move from one place to another by entering the inside of something Drive through the tunnel. Enter through the breezeway. to movement to person,