Preposition 用法 詳解
英文前置詞/介係詞就是preposition。
原則上，preposition會放在名詞或代名詞前面，用來表示那個名詞與句子中其他字的關係，可以算是聯係不同字眼的橋梁，
包括：時間、位置、屬性、因果、方式等，讓句子更豐富。
Prepositions 例子
Prepositions of time
| Usage | Example | |
| on | days of the week | on Friday |
| in | months / seasons
time of day year after a certain period of time (when?) | in September / in autumn
in the evening in 2020 in thirty minutes |
| at | for night
a certain point of time | at night
at half past seven |
| since | from a certain point of time in the past | since 1999 |
| for | a certain past time until present | for 10 years |
| ago | a time in the past | 4 years ago |
| before | earlier than a specified date | before 2020 |
| to | telling the time | ten to 10 (9:50) |
| past | telling the time | ten past five (5:10) |
| to / till / until | the beginning and end of a period of time | from Wednesday to/till Friday |
| till / until | how long something is going to last | He is on vacation until Sunday |
| by | indicating the latest something will happen by
up to a certain time | I will be done with work by 6 o’clock.
By 7 pm, I had finished my chores. |
Prepositions of place
| Usage | Example | |
| in | room, building, street, town, country
book, paper, etc. transportation picture, world | We sleep in our bedroom. We live in Texas.
I live in the United States. I read about it in Harry Potter. We are going in a bus to the sports game. You look great in that picture. Where in the world were you? |
| at | next to or by an object
for sitting at a table for events place where you are to doing something | Leave your shoes at the door.
We have dinner at the table. I told him I would meet him at school. We are studying at the library. |
| on | attached
being on an object for a certain side for a floor in a house for public transportation for media | The mirror is on the wall.
The keys are on the desk. The stage is on the right side. We live on the first floor. I talked to him on the bus. I saw it on Twitter. |
| by, next to, beside | left or right of an object or person | The school is next to the church. |
| under | on the ground or lower than something else | The ants are under the rock. |
| below | lower than something else | The glasses go below the cups in the pantry. |
| over | covered by something else
meaning more than getting to the other side overcoming an obstacle | Put a blanket over your lap.
You can drive if you are over 16 years of age. Drive over the bridge. Climb over the wall. |
| above | higher than something else, but not directly over it | The plates go above the glasses in the pantry. |
| across | go to the other side | Walk across the bridge.
Swim across the pool. |
| through | to move from one place to another by entering the inside of something | Drive through the tunnel.
Enter through the breezeway. |
| to | movement to person, building, place or country
can also indicate bedtime | Go to the restaurant.
Go to California. Go to bed. |
| into | enter a room or a building | Go into the house. Once there, go into the bedroom. |
| towards | movement in the direction of something, as opposed to away from it | She walked towards the house. |
| onto | moving to the top of something | Jump onto the bench. |
| from | where did object come from | We bought a fruit from the grocery store. |
Preposition 其他常見種類
Simple preposition
這是最常見的preposition種類。
例子：on, in, under, off, over, at, to, by, above, near, with, for, but, behind, from, beside, during, down
例句：
I am going to college.
The kitty is sitting on the chair.
The kid is hiding under the desk.
She met him at the school function.
The squirrels are sitting by the wood.
It is convenient to live near the office.
She made a portrait with charcoal.
I was fascinated by his talent.
The dinner has been placed on the dining table.
I have been her friend since 2005.
Double preposition
例子：
in between, from within, out of, inside of, up tp, onto, upon, into, from behind, outside of, within, without
例句：
The snake has gone out of control.
I was permitted the inside of the monastery.
Helen squished in between three of her relatives.
The criminal was shot from behind by the police
Our team is incomplete without him.
The intelligent girl solved 10 equations out of 12.
The monkey climbed onto the poles.
The chimpanzee is inside the zoo.
She came over to the party.
He stepped out of the cab.
Compound preposition
例子：
on behalf of, accoring to, in addition to, aside from, with a view to, in the middle of, from beneath, in front of, across from, in place of, in regard to, in spite to
例句：
Hi, the scooter is parked in front of my house.
She bought a new handbag in addition to the new dress.
According to the news, the weather is going to be pleasant this week.
He found the coins from beneath the sofa.
Aside from dancing, she also draws very well.
The cops are running behind the robbers.
He was unwell, so Sheena performed in place of him.
Marla chose henry because of his positive attitude.
Vinny dressed according to the dress code.
She has a shop across the street.
Participle preposition
Participle preposition可以分成present participles和past partciples兩種。
Present participles例子：
considering, touching following, failing, accepting, saving
Past participles例子：
respected, given, gone, taken, provded, pleased
例句：
Seeing his behavior, he was barred from the functions.
He was sad, given the fact he secured fewer marks.
I wish to get this book translated into French.
We will deliver excellent service provided we get paid well.
Considering the time spent, the portrait turned out to be beautiful.
The puppy kept following me through the market.
The dispute case of the house is still pending in the court,
No one is supposed to use the phone during the flight.
Assuming the debate will start in 2 hours, we all go for a tea.
I work the night shift, and now I am super tired.
Common mistakes
Type 1: 形容詞和名詞後的介詞
部分形容詞後面總是跟一個特定的介詞 (preposition)
- “At”
例：bad at, good at, surprised at
I was surprised at the number of people who came.
- “About and with”
例：angry about, pleased about （用於形容事物）
I am pleased about your new job.
例：angry with, pleased with（用於形容人物）
I was really angry with John.
“Disappointed”後需使用“about” 或 “with”；“Worried”後則只能使用“about”：
She was pretty disappointed with / about her exam results.
I am worried about John. They are worried about the test.
部分名詞後面總是跟一個特定的介詞。
- “In”
例：decrease in, drop in, fall in, increase in, rise in:
There was an increase in attendance at this month’s meeting.
- “Between”
表達對比兩件事，需使用“the difference between them”：
The main difference between the American and the Canadian accent is in the vowels.
- “Of”
例：advantage of, disadvantage of, example of, number of, percentage of, use of
The number of people in my class who smoke is incredible.
Type 2: 動詞後的介詞
部分動詞後面必須跟一個特定的介詞。 有時可以使用多於一個介詞，有時根據使用哪個介詞，含義會有所不同：
- “Agree”
Agree with用於同意人或想法：
I totally agree with the government’s decision.
Agree to用於同意某事：
Both sides in the war have agreed to the ceasefire.
- “Apologize”
Apologise to用於向某人道歉
apologise for用於為某事道歉
Mum made me go and apologise to our neighbours for breaking their window.
- “Find out, know, learn, teach, think”
以上動詞後都可以配搭about：
Our teacher is trying to teach us about life in the olden days.
“Think”後亦可以配搭 “about” 或 “of” 表達意見或未來計劃：
What do you think about / of the new computer lab? (意見)
I’m thinking about / of going back to university next year to finish my degree. (未來計劃)
- “Look”
當表達注視某物時，需使用“look at”，而當表達尋找某物時，則使用“look for”：
Oh, look at the sunset! Isn’t it beautiful?
I’ve looked for my homework everywhere. Have you seen it?
Type 3: 時間和地點的介詞
我們用“in”表示年、月或一天的一部分，但“on”表示日或日期：
I came to Australia in 1988. We landed on 1st October, in the afternoon.
我們使用“at”來表示時間以及週末和晚上：
Let’s meet at the weekend. Are you free on Sunday at 8:00?
“For”可用作表示時間的長短：
I have lived in Australia for 18years.
“In”可配搭城市、國家和地方一起使用，表示某事發生在哪裡：
I met my husband in London.
我們亦可使用“in”配搭書、報紙、雜誌、期刊、電影或電視節目來表示在哪裡閱讀或看到某物：
I read some interesting new research in this month’s medical journal.
我們亦可使用“at”配搭學校、學院、大學、工作和家庭中來指代建築物：
‘Where is dad?’ ‘He’s at work.’
Shall we meet at the cinema? (= meet outside the building)
我們使用“to”配搭地方來顯示目的地：
‘Where are you going?’ ‘I’m just going to the library to do some work.’
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Grammar 攻略 傳送門
- articles
- countable & uncountable noun
- 英文量詞
- pronoun
- verb
- tenses
- wh-question
- quantifiers
- 英文數字 全攻略
- adjective
- comparatives &superlatives
- adjective pattern
- adverb
- preposition
- determiners
- modal verb
- Gerund & Infinitives
- relative clause
- reported speech
- present participle
- past participle
- 英文連接詞 大全
- conditional sentence
- phrasal verb
- question tag
- inversion
- collocation
