今天要為大家帶來一個非常實用的主題，我要給你們一個「英文 Tenses 中文 詳解 」！✨
每當大家講到時態，可能會想到一些複雜的公式，像在算數學一樣很複雜，搞得你頭很痛！😫
但請你們相信我，英文時態背後的原理其實非常簡單，很快就可以學完！👌
無論在DSE English Paper 2或者DSE English Paper 3甚至IELTS PTE等考試用到挺豐富的English vocabulary和英文Sentence structure都好，
只要不小心在幾個verb加多/漏了個“s ”，你就可能會跟Language的高分擦肩而過。
Tenses 中文 詳解
香港考試常用Tenses
香港英文考試常用的時態 Tenses 有7種：
- Present Tense
- Present Continuous Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Past Tense
- Past Continuous Tense
- Past Perfect Tense
- Future Tense
以下將會一一詳解！
小型目錄
現在 式 （present tense）
第一部分就當然要介紹一個DSE English常用的Grammar item：Simple Present Tense現在式！
Simple Present Tense 現在式應該係大家學英文時第一個接觸的 Tense。
不要以為總是用就不會錯。
正正就是因為太常用所以越容易弄亂基本概念。
今天我就在這裏跟大家詳解Present Tense現在式的用法，
快快讀下去看看自己是不是已經完全掌握English Present Tense的用法！
用法1：習慣
Simple Present Tense 可以用來描述「現有的習慣」。
例如：
I go to the gym every day.
也就是指「我平常是會做gym的人」
還有其他例子：
I always eat salads and drink fruit juice.
I eat breakfast.
都是同樣道理。
這些習慣可能是有規律地進行的行為
例如：
I have English classes every Wednesday.
我逢星期三都有英文課
（我當然唔希望你只係得星期三有英文堂啦！）
用法2：事實
Simple Present Tense 可以用來描述「事實」。
例如：
The Present Day is a chat show.
《現在》是一檔脫口秀節目。
Sabrina and Johnny are famous.
薩布麗娜和約翰尼都很有名。
Sabrina is almost 40 years old.
薩布麗娜已經快40歲了。
用法3：指令
Simple Present Tense 可以用來描述「指令」。
例如：
你媽媽成日都會講：
Go to sleep now.
請你現在去睡覺。
又例如
Give me a cup of tea.
給我一杯茶。
這些都是很明顯的指令！
所以，我們會用現在式 Present Tense！
現在 式 寫作公式
如何用be動詞構成陳述？
在一般現在式，我們可以這樣用verb to be 構成肯定和否定陳述句：
Subject | Verb to be | |
I | am / ’m am not / ’m not | fifteen. in the living room. very loyal. |
You We They | are / ’re are not / aren’t | |
He / She / It | is / ’s is not / isn’t | |
我如何與其他動詞形成陳述？
在一般現在式，我們可以這樣用其他動詞構成肯定和否定陳述句：
Subject | Verb |
|
I You We They | like do not / don’t like | this music. running. spicy food. |
He / She / It | likes does not / doesn’t like |
第三人稱單數動詞怎麼拼寫？
對於大多數動詞，我們使用第三人稱單數（即 he / she / it）時會將 -s 添加到動詞
對於其他動詞，我們會以不同的方式改變結尾
Verbs | We should… | Examples |
Most verbs | + s | buy & buys hate & hates |
Verbs ending in a consonant + -y | – y + ies | carry & carries hurry & hurries |
Verbs ending in -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, -o | + es | miss & misses fix & fixes push & pushes catch & catches do & does |
當然，以上只是一些很籠統的規則，大家可能會找到一些小的例外！
不過95%以上的動詞都會這樣轉換！
我如何提問和回答是/否問題？
在一般現在式，我們可以這樣用 verb to be 構成是/否問題：
Am | I | fifteen? in the living room? very loyal? |
Are | You We They | |
Is | He/ she/ it |
Yes, | I | am. |
You We They | are. | |
He/ she/ it | is. |
No, | I | am not / ’m not. |
You We They | are not / aren’t. | |
He/ she/ it | is not / isn’t. |
在一般現在式，我們可以這樣用其他動詞構成是/否問題：
Do | I you we they | like this music? run every day? eat spicy food? |
Does | he / she / it |
Yes, | I You We They | do. |
He/ she/ it | does. |
No, | I You We They | do not/ don’t. |
He/ she/ it | does not/ doesn’t. |
現在進行式 （Present Continuous Tense）
第二部分就當然要介紹現在 式的兄弟 Grammar item：Present Continuous Tense 現在進行式
很多人以爲現在進行式就是人如其名：「當下發生 / 進行中的事情」
這樣的理解只是對了50%
所以，我就在這裏跟大家詳解現在進行式 （Present Continuous Tense）。
快快讀下去看看自己是不是已經完全掌握！
用法1：當下發生 / 進行中的事情
當然，先解釋最多人記得的用法！
例句：
I’m sitting here with Sabrina Fung.
我和Sabrina Fung坐在這裡。
I’m drinking tomato juice.
我正在喝番茄汁。
I’m recording a CD together with Frankie Chan.
我正在和Frankie Chan一起錄製CD。
I’m learning so much from working with him.
我從與他的合作中學到了很多東西。
In this picture, Sabrina is wearing a beautiful dress from a local designer.
在這張照片中，薩布麗娜穿著當地設計師的漂亮連衣裙。
用法2：即將發生的事情
這個用法就是被不少人遺忘！
例句：
We’re leaving next week.
我們下周就要走了。
We’re helping at the animal shelter this term.
我們在這個學期在動物收容所幫忙。
現在進行式 寫作公式
我如何用現在進行式形成陳述？
在現在進行式，我們可以這樣用動詞構成肯定和否定陳述句：
Subject | Verb to be | -ing form of the verb | |
I | am / ’m am not / ’m not | doing taking waiting | a lot right now. a break. for Kevin. |
You We They | are / ’re are not / aren’t | ||
He / She / It | is / ’s is not / isn’t | ||
我如何拼寫現在分詞（-ing 形式）？
當我們形成現在分詞時，我們會做以下改變：
Verbs | We should… | Examples |
Most verbs | + ing | beat beating look looking see seeing |
Short verbs ending in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) + a consonant (except w) | double the consonant + ing | chat chatting run running swim swimming |
Verbs ending in -e | – e + ing | have having make making write writing |
Verbs ending in -ie | – ie + y + ing | die dying lie lying tie tying |
我如何提問和回答是/否問題？
在現在進行式，我們可以這樣用動詞構成是/否問題：
Am | I | getting better? leaving today? watching cartoons? |
Are | You We They | |
Is | He/ she/ it |
Yes, | I | am. |
You We They | are. | |
He/ she/ it | is. |
No, | I | am not / ’m not. |
You We They | are not / aren’t. | |
He/ she/ it | is not / isn’t. |
不使用現在進行式的動詞
在現在進行時，很少使用一些動詞。
因為它們代表狀態（例如感覺、意見或情況）而不是動作，所以這些動詞被稱為靜態動詞。
Verb | Example | Verb | Example |
agree | I agree with Tom’s suggestion. | love | My parents love me very much. |
appear | My watch appears to be broken. | need | We need some more fruit. |
be | Stella is still at school. | realise | Does he realise who you are? |
believe | We don’t believe your excuse. | seem | That shop seems expensive. |
belong | Do these shoes belong to you? | sound | Their music sounds great. |
cost | These shirts cost too much. | suppose | I suppose you’re right. |
hate | I really hate crowded buses. | understand | Does Dan understand French? |
know | Does anyone know the answer? | want | Miss Lo wants me to do well. |
like | Brenda doesn’t like milk tea. | wish | Eric, they wish to see you. |
現在 式 vs 現在進行式具有不同含義的動詞
當用於一般現在式和現在進行式，幾個動詞會具有不同的含義。
動詞用於簡單現在式描述一種狀態。
當用於現在進行式，它們描述一個動作。
Verb | Simple present (meaning and example) | Present continuous (meaning and example) |
have | possess, own We only have $10 each. | enjoy, experience We’re having a good time. |
look | have a certain appearance Mandy looks happy today. | use your eyes Why are you looking at me like that? |
see | use your eyes I see Joan over there. | meet I’m seeing my boyfriend tonight. |
smell | have a certain smell This soup smells good. | put your nose near something Sue is smelling the flowers. |
taste | have a certain taste These noodles taste delicious. | put something in your mouth The cook is tasting the soup. |
think | have an opinion I think John is funny. | plan, consider I’m thinking of buying an iPhone. |
weigh | have a certain weight My bag weighs at least ten kilograms. | find out how heavy something is The shopkeeper is weighing the apples. |
現在完成式 （Present Perfect Tense）
第三部分就當然要介紹現在 式的最後一位兄弟 ：Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式
Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式應該是大家學英文比較後期接觸的 Tense。
這令到不少同學覺得複雜，感覺它跟之後會提及的過去 式很相似，從而混肴兩者。
不過，這只是表面的恐懼！
所以，我就在這裏跟大家詳解現在完成式 （Present Perfect Tense）。
快快讀下去，立下心腸今天就要學會！
今天 Spencer Sir 會教你精通現在完成式
用法1：在過去發生，並一直延續至今 (未來都很有可能繼續)
如果再過去發生，而事情或者事情的影響是延續至今，我們就會用Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式。
例句：
We’ve visited five countries already.
我們已經訪問了五個國家。
I’ve lost my phone. Now I can’t receive text messages.
我的手機丟了。現在我無法接收簡訊。
Susan has joined the Swimming Club for four years.
Susan已經加入游泳俱樂部四年了。
用法2：在過去沒有特定時間點發生
這個世界不是非黑即白，有不少事情不是在某點時間發生，而是沒有特定時間點發生，可能是一點，可能是一段。
這種情況下，我們就會用Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式。
例句：
She has worked on her assignments for a long time, she is very sleepy now.
她做作業已經很久了，現在很困。
用法3：過往的經驗影響到現在
例句：
I’ve seen the Colosseum.
我見過羅馬鬥獸場。
I have read that book before.
我以前看過這本書。
I haven’t been to Ireland.
我沒有去過愛爾蘭。
現在完成式 寫作公式
如何用現在完成時形成陳述？
我們用現在完成時形成正面和負面的陳述，像這樣……
Subject | have/has | past participle | |
I / You / We / They | have (’ve) | visited | five countries. |
have not (haven’t) | been | to London. | |
He / She / It | has (’s) | seen | the Colosseum. |
has not (hasn’t) | found | the phone. |
如何用現在完成時提問和回答問題？
我們用現在完成時這樣問問題……
(Question word) | have/has | subject | past participle |
|
| Have | I / you / we / they | heard | the news? |
| Has | he / she / it | gone | home? |
Where | have | I / you / we / they | been? |
|
Why | has | he / she / it | returned? |
|
我們像這樣以現在完成時態回答是/否問題……
Question | Positive answer | Negative answer |
Have they heard the news? | Yes, they have. | No, they have not. No, they haven’t. |
Has he gone home? | Yes, he has. | No, he has not. No, he hasn’t. |
過去 式 （past tense）
第四部分就要離開“現在” 講解 “過去”。
介紹另一個 Tense時態 Grammar item：past tense 過去 式！
Simple Past tense 過去 式 應該是大家學英文時第二個接觸的 Tense。（應該係，除非唔係）
不過，不要以為總是用就不會錯。
正正就是因為太常用所以越容易弄亂基本概念。
今天我就在這裏跟大家詳解Simple Past tense 過去 式的用法，
快快讀下去看看自己是不是已經完全掌握English Simple Past tense 過去 式！
用法1：過去的習慣/重複的行爲
習慣？
不是應該用present tense 現在 式嗎？
習慣都可能有過去的版本。
就好像Spencer Sir 以前做開gym，宜家無做，所以咪中年發福咯！
例句：
He walked to home every day. Sometimes, he took a shortcut.
他每天都步行回家。有時，他會走捷徑。
She played basketball every day when She was in high school.
她上高中的時候每天都打籃球！
用法2：過去同時/緊隨其後發生的兩個或以上的事件
看似非常模糊？
看看例句就會明白！
The moment she saw her son, she stopped crying.
當她看到兒子的那一刻，她停止了哭泣。
I woke up and took a bath.
我醒來後洗了個澡。
這裏允許我將些少Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式。
我會在後面的章節再作詳解！
我們使用過去進行式 + 簡單過去式來表明其中一個動作比另一個動作長：
As he was walking by the dam, he saw water seeping through a small hole.
當他走過大壩時，他看到水從一個小洞裡滲出。
用法3：在一個特定及已知的時間發生的事情
這種情況下，應該都非常自然會用到過去 式。
例句：
I met my teacher last Monday.
我上週一遇到了我的老師。
Yesterday, Jennie saved her vase from breaking.
昨天，珍妮救了她的花瓶不被打破。
過去 式 寫作公式
如何用be動詞構成陳述？
在簡單過去式，我們可以這樣用 verb to be 構成肯定和否定陳述句：
Subject | Verb to be |
|
I He/ She/ It | Was Was not/ wasn’t | Happy. Late. Right. |
You We They | Were Were not/ weren’t |
我如何與其他動詞形成陳述？
在簡單過去式，我們可以這樣用其他動詞構成肯定和否定陳述句：
Subject | Verb |
|
I You We They He / She / It | passed did not / didn’t pass | the test. |
我如何拼寫規則的過去動詞？
對於規則動詞，我們將 -ed 添加到動詞以形成簡單過去式
對於其他動詞，我們以不同的方式改變結尾
規則動詞：
Verbs | We should… | Examples |
Most verbs | + ed | walk walked work worked |
Verbs ending in –e | + d | hate hated like liked |
Verbs ending in –y | – y + ied | carry carried cry cried |
Some verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant | double the consonant + ed | plan planned stop stopped |
不規則動詞：
We can… | Examples | ||
keep the word as it is | beat beat hit hit put put | cost cost hurt hurt read read | cut cut let let shut shut |
change the vowel(s) | become became drink drank know knew sing sang throw threw | come came fall fell meet met sit sat win won | choose chose give gave run ran swim swam write wrote |
change the final consonant | bend bent make made | build built send sent | lend lent spend spent |
change the word | break broke catch caught have had see saw take took | bring brought do did find found leave left speak spoke | buy bought eat ate go went say said think thought |
我如何提問和回答是/否問題？
在簡單過去式，我們可以這樣用 verb to be 構成是/否問題：
Was | I he / she / it | happy? late? right? |
Were | you we they |
Yes, | I he / she / it | was. |
you we they | were. |
No, | I he / she / it | was not / wasn’t. |
you we they | were not / weren’t. |
在簡單過去式，我們可以這樣用其他動詞構成是/否問題：
Did | I you we they he / she / it | do the right thing? help them? pass the test? |
Yes, | I you we they he / she / it | did. |
No, | I you we they he / she / it | did not / didn’t. |
在簡單過去式，我們可以這樣用used to構成回答：
Did | I you we they he / she / it | use to | eat a lot? go to bed early? look healthy? |
Yes, | I you we they he / she / it | did. |
No, | I you we they he / she / it | did not / didn’t. |
過去進行式 （Past Continuous Tense）
第五部分就很自然地詳解過去 式的兄弟 Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式！
Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式 初初學的時候就覺得它就是Present Continuous Tense的過去版。
是不是呢？
今天我就在這裏跟大家詳解Past Continuous Tense 過去進行式的用法，
快快讀下去看看自己是不是已經完全掌握！
用法1：過去某個特定時間發生中的事情
這個非常直接且容易了解
直接看例句：
His mother was sobbing when he arrived home.
當他回到家時，他的母親正在抽泣。
I was going back home at 10 last night.
我昨晚10點就要回家了。
用法2：過去同時/緊隨其後發生的兩個或以上的事件
還記得在詳解 過去 式時有輕輕提及到嗎？
這裏就更加詳解！
例句：
The boy was walking by the dam when suddenly he saw water seeping through a small hole.
男孩正走過大壩，突然看到水從一個小洞裡滲出來。
通常是這種場景裡面 ，「 較長的行為」會用Past Continuous Tense（例句的was steeping就是持續性較長的行為 ） ， 而「較短的行為」就會用到Past Tense（例句的saw） 。
再多一句例句：
My sister ran into an accident while mum was cooking yesterday.
我姐姐昨天在媽媽做飯的時候遇到了一場事故。
不過，有時候我們不會限定自己一個用過去 式；一個用過去進行式。
你知道嗎？
當兩個較長的動作/事件在過去持續了一段時間，
我們其實可以兩者一起用過去進行式
例如：
While he was waiting, the sky was getting darker.
在他等待的時候，天空越來越暗。
用法3：恆常發生且意料之外事情
這類事情通常都是不受歡迎、負面的
例句：
My kids were always fighting against each other. Therefore, I hired different helpers.
我的孩子們總是互相爭鬥。因此，我雇傭了不同的幫手。
用法4：形容數據改變同趨勢
如果要記錄數據，
當然是記錄過去數據。
所以這是很自然地用過去 式
不過，當提及到改變與趨勢時，
我們可以用過去進行式。
例句：
The divorce rate was falling in the 1990s but it is now rising.
離婚率在1990年代有所下降，但現在正在上升。
過去進行式 寫作公式
如何用be動詞構成陳述？
在過去進行式，我們可以這樣用動詞構成肯定和否定陳述句：
Subject | Verb to be | -ing form of verb | |
I He / She / It | was was not / wasn’t | enjoying listening looking | the food. to the music. at Mrs Lam. |
You We They | were were not / weren’t | ||
我如何提問和回答是/否問題？
在過去進行式，我們可以這樣用動詞構成是/否問題：
Was | I he / she / it | enjoying the food? looking at Mrs Lam? snoring very loudly? |
Were | you we they |
Yes, | I you we they he / she / it | did. |
No, | I you we they he / she / it | did not / didn’t. |
過去完成式 （Past Perfect Tense）
第六部分就很自然地詳解過去 式的另一位兄弟 Past Perfect Tense 過去完成式！
Past Perfect Tense 過去完成式 初初學的時候就覺得與Present Continuous Tense非常相似，好像兩者都可以在過去的時間點發生。
這令到不少同學產生疑惑，
從而隨隨便便就學完它，但其實沒有真正理解！
快快讀下去，立下心腸今天就要學會！
今天 Spencer Sir 會教你精通過去完成式！
用法1：過去的過去
我們使用過去完成時來談論與過去的另一個事件或時間相關的過去動作。
Before his last expedition, John Hare has already been to Lop Nur five times.
When Hare’s team arrived, they discovered that illegal miners had shot the animals.
在他最後一次探險之前，John Hare已經去過洛普努爾五次。
當Hare的團隊到達時，他們發現非法礦工射殺了這些動物。
即是説，“Hare的團隊到達” 這件事是過去某時間點發生。而“非法礦工射殺動物”這件是發生在“Hare的團隊到達” 再之前。
而第一句，John Hare has already been to Lop Nur five times. 可以不用過去完成式是因爲這是“過往的經驗影響到現在”
用法2：配合過去 式 使用
我們經常一起使用一般過去式和過去完成式：
我們使用一般過去式表示最近的過去動作。
我們對更之前過去發生的動作使用過去完成式。
As Hare and his team discovered, miners had been at Kim Su spring.
正如Hare和他的團隊發現的那樣，礦工們一直在Kim Su Spring。
用法3：一件事情從過去的某個時間點發生，並且持續到過去另外一個時間點
好似非常模糊？
其實很簡單！
She had been reluctant to discuss with me until last week.
她一直不願意和我討論，直到上周才同意。
I hadn’t had a chance to play basketball for a year until March.
我有一年時間沒有機會打籃球，直到三月份才有機會。
即是説三月份對於説話者而言是過去。而沒有機會打籃球是比三月份更遙遠的過去並持續到三月份。
過去進行式 寫作公式
如何用過去完成時形成陳述？
我們在過去完成時中形成積極和消極的陳述，就像這樣……
Subject | had | past participle |
|
He | had | visited | Kum Su before. |
The team | had not (hadn’t) | seen | the miners that time. |
The cyanide | had | poisoned | the wildlife. |
The animals | had not (hadn’t) | seen | humans before. |
如何用過去完成時提問和回答問題？
我們用這樣的過去完成時問問題……
(Question word) | had | subject | past participle |
|
| Had | the miners | poisoned | the water? |
| Had | the wild animals | seen | people before? |
What | had | the miners | done | to the animals? |
我們用這樣的過去完成時回答是/否問題……
Question | Positive answer | Negative answer |
Had the miners poisoned the water? | Yes, they had. | No, they had not. No, they hadn’t. |
Had the wild animals seen people before? | Yes, they had. | No, they had not. No, they hadn’t. |
未來式 （Future tense）
在最後一部分當然要介紹最後一個常用的Tense：Future tense 未來式！
Future tense 未來式應該對於大家來説是最簡單的！
一來，它的時間點是在未來。
與其他時態tenses有很大分別！
二來，它在使用時的變化比較單一。
不過，今天我都會在這裏跟大家詳解Future tense 未來式，
縱使是比較簡單的都值得大家讀下去！
用法1：未來發生的事情
這部分非常直接。
什麽時候用future tense？
就是未來發生的事情！
例句：
The competition will take place at Mong Kok Sports Arena on 22 July.
比賽將於7月22日在旺角體育館舉行。
Shaomei’s very excitable. She will (’ll) bark when she sees the other dogs.
紹美非常興奮。當她看到其他狗時，她會吠叫。
未來式 寫作公式
很可惜的是，
未來式有很多種表達手法
will只是其中一種
其實總共有三種
- will
- be going to
- present tense
我如何用will形成陳述？
我們用這樣的意志形成正面和負面的陳述：
Subject | will | bare infinitive | |
We | will (’ll) | wait | for you. |
will not (won’t) | start | without you. | |
Ben | will | be | fine on the train. |
She | will not (won’t) | be | nervous. |
我如何用will提問和回答問題？
我們會用will這樣問問題……
(Question word) | will | subject | bare infinitive | |
Will | you | travel | by train? | |
Will | she | be | nervous? | |
Where | will | you | go | next? |
我們會像這樣回答是/否問題……
Question | Positive answer | Negative answer |
Will you travel by train? | Yes, we will. | No, we will not. No, we won’t. |
Will she be nervous? | Yes, she will. | No, she will not. No, she won’t. |
我應該什麼時候使用be going to？
我們使用 be (am/are/is) going to 來談論意圖，即在說話之前我們決定做的事情：
She’s going to enter two competitions this year.
我們也可以使用 be going to 進行預測，即根據我們現在所知道的，說出我們認為未來會發生的事情：
Phuket is such a wonderful place. You’re going to have a fabulous holiday!
我如何用 be going to 形成語句？
我們會形成正面和負面的陳述……
Subject | be | going to | bare infinitive |
|
I | am (’m) | going to | enter | the competition. |
am not (’m not) | going to | enter | it next year. | |
You / We / They | are (’re) | going to | cheer | for Stella. |
are not (aren’t) | going to | cheer | for Shaomei. | |
He / She / It | is (’s) | going to | travel | by train. |
is not (isn’t) | going to | travel | by bus. |
我如何使用 be going to 提問和回答問題？
我們會這樣用be going to問問題……
(Question word) | be | subject | going to | bare infinitive |
|
| Are | you | going to | take | Helen with you? |
| Is | it | going to | rain | tomorrow? |
What | is | she | going to | wear? |
|
我們會回答這樣的是/否問題……
Question | Positive answer | Negative answer |
Are you going to take Helen with you? | Yes, I am. / Yes, we are. | No, I am not. /No, we are not. No, I’m not. /No, wearen’t. |
Is it going to rain? | Yes, it is. | No, it is not. No, it isn’t. No, it’s not. |
我什麼時候應該用簡單的現在來談論未來？
我們可以使用簡單的現在時來談論時間表和時間表中的未來事件：
The dog show takes place on 14 July. It starts at 3 p.m. and finishes at 6.30 p.m.
The train departs from Hung Hom at 13.25, and it getsinto Guangzhou East at 15.15.
我什麼時候應該用現在進行時來談論未來？
我們可以用現在進行時來談論安排，即非常確定的未來計劃：
Lily and I are entering an agility competition in July.
Are you coming to dog training tonight?
Yes, I am.
No, I’m not.
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