現在完成時小教室
The present perfect tense
我什麼時候應該使用現在完成時？
我們使用現在完成時來談論過去某個時間發生或開始的動作和事件，但現在以某種方式仍然很重要。
例如，我們用現在完成時來談論……
過去開始但現在仍在繼續的行動：
We’ve visited five countries already.
不久前完成的操作：
I’ve just returned to the hotel.
對現在產生結果的過去行為：
I’ve lost my phone. Now I can’t receive text messages.
經驗：
I’ve seen the Colosseum. / I haven’t been to Ireland. / Have you ever been to London?
消息：
There has been a big earthquake in Japan.
如何用現在完成時形成陳述？
我們用現在完成時形成積極和消極的陳述，像這樣……
Subject | have/has | past participle |
|
I / You / We / They | have (’ve) | visited | five countries. |
have not (haven’t) | been | to London. | |
He / She / It | has (’s) | seen | the Colosseum. |
has not (hasn’t) | found | the phone. |
如何用現在完成時提問和回答問題？
我們用現在完成時這樣問問題……
(Question word) | have/has | subject | past participle |
|
| Have | I / you / we / they | heard | the news? |
| Has | he / she / it | gone | home? |
Where | have | I / you / we / they | been? |
|
Why | has | he / she / it | returned? |
|
我們像這樣以現在完成時態回答是/否問題……
Question | Positive answer | Negative answer |
Have they heard the news? | Yes, they have. | No, they have not. No, they haven’t. |
Has he gone home? | Yes, he has. | No, he has not. No, he hasn’t. |
The present perfect continuous tense
我什麼時候應該使用現在完成時態？
我們使用現在完成時態來談論持續一段時間的動作。 我們可以用現在完成進行時來談論……
仍在繼續的更長時間的過去行動：
We have been shopping for hours already.
我們在一段時間內一直在重複的行動：
I’ve been shopping at Park’n Shop instead of Wellcome lately.
剛剛完成但在現在有結果的過去更長的動作：
I’m so tired! I’ve been studying English for five hours!
我如何用現在完成的連續時態形成陳述？
我們用現在的完美連續時態形成積極和消極的陳述，像這樣……
Subject | have/has | been | past participle |
|
I / You / We / They | have (’ve) | been | living | here for ten days. |
have not (haven’t) | been | living | here for long. | |
He / She / It | has (’s) | been | travelling | since last Tuesday. |
has not (hasn’t) | been | sleeping | well recently. |
如何用現在完成時態提問和回答問題？
我們用現在完美的連續時態提問，像這樣……
(Question word) | have/has | subject | been | past participle |
|
| Have | I / you /we / they | been | living | here for a long time? |
| Has | he / she / it | been | travelling | since last Tuesday? |
What | have | I / you /we / they | been | doing | lately? |
Why | has | he / she / it | been | travelling | for so long? |
我們以這樣的現在完美連續時態回答是/否問題……
Question | Positive answer | Negative answer |
Have they been living here for a long time? | Yes, they have. | No, they have not. No, they haven’t. |
Has she been travelling since last Tuesday? | Yes, she has. | No, he has not. No, he hasn’t. |
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