量詞小教室
量詞可分為:
Talking about amounts (談數量)
Comparing amounts (比較數量)
Some/any/every/no-words (一些/任何/每個/沒有)
Subject-verb agreement (主詞與動詞一致性)
今天 Spencer Sir 會教你精通量詞的所有知識!
談數量
There is/there are
有/有一個短語我們用來表示某處存在(或不存在)某物。 這個短語通常在第一次討論名詞時使用。
當然,我們將 there is 用於不可數名詞和單數可數名詞:
There is a fire in the building.
我們使用 there are 與復數可數名詞:
There are three firefighters outside.
我們使用is there/are there…? 詢問某事是否存在:
Are there any emergency exits in the building? No, there aren’t.
Some/any
我們使用 some 和 any 來談論數量。 當我們不知道確切的數量或確切的數量不重要時,我們會使用它們。
我們主要在肯定陳述中使用 some ,包括不可數名詞和復數可數名詞:
Some people are talented; some are more hard-working.
Any 也可以與可數名詞和不可數名詞一起使用。 我們在問題中使用它:
Do you have any information?
No/none
我們將 no 和 none 用於可數名詞和不可數名詞。
No 是一個限定詞,所以它後面總是跟一個名詞。
None 是代詞,所以它後面永遠不會跟名詞。 相反,我們在名詞已知時使用它:
There is no time.
None at all. (None = no time)
Much/many
我們用 many 與不可數名詞和 many 與可數名詞來談論大量:
Much effort is needed.
Don’t lose hope even if there are many obstacles.
我們經常在疑問詞如何提問時使用 many and many :
How much effort is needed?
How many obstacles are there?
A lot of/lots of
我們還使用很多很多(不太正式的)來談論大量。 我們可以在可數名詞和不可數名詞中使用很多很多:
We need a lot of/lots of hard work to succeed.
I have lots of coins, but I don’t have a lot of notes.
A few/few, a little/little
我們在可數名詞中使用 afee or little 和不可數名詞時使用 a little or little 來談論少量。
注意幾個和幾個之間以及一點和一點之間的含義差異:
I have a few good friends. (= I have some good friends.)
I have few friends. I should meet more people. (= I don’t have many good friends.)
Both
我們將 both 與復數可數名詞一起使用來指代兩件事或兩個人:
Both students are running for chairperson.
Both of them are qualified for the position.
我們也使用 both…and 來連接兩個人、事物等:
Both Angel and Andy are running for chairperson.
(= Angel is running for chairperson. Andy is alsorunning for chairperson.)
All
我們用all來指代事物或人的總量或數量。 我們可以將 all 與可數名詞和不可數名詞一起使用:
All members have a vote.
All the money is gone.
Every/each
我們將 every 和 each 與單數可數名詞一起使用:
Each opportunity is valuable.
(each + singular countable noun + singular verb)
在談論兩件事/人時,我們也可以使用每個(不是每個):
Andy and Angel each have 50 votes.
(… and … + each + plural verb)
Each of them has 50 votes.
(each of + … + singular verb)
Either/either … or
我們用要么談論兩種可能性或兩種選擇:
Do you prefer Andy or Angel as chairperson? Either candidate is OK with me.
(= I’m OK with Andy. I’m also OK with Angel.)
我們使用 … 或者當我們在句子中提到兩種可能性時:
Either Angel or Andy will win.
Neither/neither … nor
任何一個的否定形式都不是:
I like neither candidate.
(= I don’t like Andy. I also don’t like Angel.)
我們既不使用……也不使用兩個否定陳述:
Neither Angel nor Andy will get my vote. Neither of them will get my vote.
(= Angel will not get my vote. Andy will also not get my vote.)
Quantity expressions
我們可以使用數量詞(apiece of、a bottle of 等)使不可數名詞可數。
許多指代食物和飲料的名詞是不可數的。 當我們需要計算這些東西時,我們經常使用以下數量詞:
a bag of flour/sugar
a bar of chocolate/ice cream
a bottle of wine/lemonade
a bowl of soup/noodles/rice
a can of tuna/Coke/beer
a carton of milk/juice
a glass of juice/milk/wine
a jar of peanut butter/pepper/mustard
a loaf of bread
a packet of potato crisps/chewing gum
a piece of cake/bread/cheese
a plate of pasta/rice
a slice of cheese/bread/pizza
a spoonful of sugar/salt
a tin of tuna/tea/soup
a tub of margarine/ice cream
我們還可以將數量詞與其他不可數名詞一起使用。 以下是一些比較常見的:
a bit of news/information/advice
an item of clothing/news/luggage
a piece of advice/information/furniture/equipment/news
a roll of film/toilet paper
a sheet of paper
a tube of toothpaste
Too many/too few/too much/too little
我們使用 too many/too much 的表達來談論不正確的數量,因為它們比應有的大。
我們使用 too few/ too little 來談論小於應有的數量:
Too much self-confidence makes you arrogant; too little of it makes you weak.
Too many activities make you too busy; too few of them make you dull.
Enough
我們用足夠的詞來表示我們擁有(或沒有)我們需要的東西。 我們可以將 enough 用於可數名詞和不可數名詞:
There are enough paper plates. We have seventy-five.
Do we have enough time for the barbecue?
Comparing amounts
More/fewer/less
當我們比較數量時,我們可以將 more 用於可數名詞和不可數名詞:
I join clubs to make more friends.
I need more time to do my homework.
我們在復數可數名詞中使用 less:
There are fewer activities near exam time.
我們在不可數名詞中使用 less:
Do you have less time for homework if you join a club?
More … than/fewer… than/ less … than
當我們比較兩個數量時,我們使用more … than/fewer … than/less … than/as … as。 我們可以將這些表達方式與名詞和代詞一起使用。
我們使用 more … than 可數名詞和不可數名詞:
I have more friends than enemies.
我們使用 less … than only with 可數名詞:
I have fewer friends than you.
我們使用 less … than 僅用於不可數名詞:
I have less money than my sister.
As … as
我們使用 as … as 來表明兩個數量是相同的。
我們使用 as many … as/asless … 與可數名詞一樣:
You have as many opportunities as I have.
我們使用 as much … as/as little … 和不可數名詞一樣:
I did as much work as Karen did.
Some/any/every/no-words
當我們指代不知道他們是誰的人時,我們可以使用代詞 some/any/every/no + -body/-one。
我們在積極的陳述中使用某人/某人:
Somebody is coming.
我們在負面陳述和問題中使用任何人/任何人:
Does anyone know the answer?
當我們在不確切知道它們是什麼的情況下引用事物時,我們可以使用代詞 some/any/every/no + thing:
Everything is ready for the election.
Something is going on.
Nothing is ready yet.
Subject-verb agreement
我們必須確保句子中的動詞和主語是相容的,或者它們適合在一起。 請始終牢記以下幾點。
單數代詞 he/she/it 和單數名詞後應接單數動詞:
He has many supporters.
複數代詞或複數名詞後應接複數動詞:
School clubs provide many activities for students.
我們通常使用單數動詞和集體名詞:
The team is at the top of the league.
The crowd was very disappointed when the home team lost.
但是,在指代群體中的每個成員時,我們偶爾會使用帶有集體名詞的複數動詞。 術語員工和船員經常以下列方式使用:
The crew are getting ready for take-off.
The staff want longer holidays.
請記住,主語並不總是緊接在動詞之前。 看這句話:
A bus with twenty-eight students is arriving at the barbecue site.
這句話的主語是bus,不是students,所以需要用單數動詞。
然而,當我們用複數名詞時,我們通常使用複數動詞:
A group of students are on their way to the barbecue site.
對於時間、價格、重量等的數量和數量,我們經常使用單數動詞,即使數量是複數:
Two weeks is a long time to wait.
如果大家有什麼英文問題,如Spencer Lam, 好唔好咁樣學英文呀? 或者IELTS考試,成人英文/商業英文的知識及英文資源,歡迎你可以隨時再跟我多交流一下,可以Follow 「Spencer Lam English Team」 Facebook page同IG得到更多英文資訊,亦都可以上 https://spencerlam.hk/ 了解更多!