相信各位同學們都會覺得 DSE English paper 2 Writing好難溫，沒英文底子的同學更是無從入手。
究竟如何在短時間內可以提升自己待寫作技巧呢？
今日我將會幫助同學們分析 DSE English paper 2 的各種題型以及Writing三大評分準則的得分技巧，
讓同學可以在短時間內明白如何應付 英文卷二 。
HKDSE English Paper 2
佔分比重
根據考評局 2022 年英國語文科評核大綱 （ 2022年1月28日修訂版本），取消了 Paper 4Speaking 後，HKDSE 英文卷二 Paper 2 Writing 佔整體科目總分 28%。
在四卷中佔分第二重的分卷（僅次於Paper 3聆聽與綜合 ）
而Paper 2又細分為Part A Guided Writing （短實用文） 和 Part B Extended Writing （長議論文/記敘文/書信等），兩 Part 比重為 2：3，Part B 佔分上較高。
作文前，先審視卷二作文題目
很多同學看了 DSE 英文 Paper 2 作文題目後，
都未能及時想到應如何下筆，
有些同學甚至為了趕快作答，
而粗略看了一眼題目就下筆了。
但沒有好好審視作文題目便下筆書寫，很容易會失分，甚至離題。
所以，要先了解題目想我們寫甚麼，才可避免不必要的失分。
這裡有一些在審視題目時可以注意的地方：
- 議題關於甚麼？(Sports? Workplace? Social Issues? Popular Culture?)
- 讀者對象是？(Students? Employees? The Principal? The government? The public?)
- 文章性質是？(Request? Persuade?)
- 時間點是？ (Present? Past? Future?)
- 場合是？(Open Day? Conference?)
- 角色是？ (Performer? President of SU?)
- 文章體裁是？ (Article? Letter? Formal? Informal?)
- 考問要點是？ (Describe? View? Good points and bad points? Suggestions?)
無論作答 DSE 英文 Paper 2 part A 還是part B，同學們都可以用到這些審題技巧避免寫少了point，同時可以brainstorm文章內容可以寫甚麼，一舉兩得。
充分利用身份角色，用作全文中心思想
當大家準備公開試的時候，你會不會見到一些作文題目，其實題目會俾咗一個角色你，例如2017年短文寫作 (Part A) 會要求你作為一個社會服務社團會長 (Chairperson of the Social Services Club)
第二部份題目則沒有給予你一個角色，此時你就要自己揀好一個身份。
都希望大家緊記要充分運用一個身份角色，你當自己好似做通識題一樣，你在寫文章的引言及立場時，盡量從那個身份角色去思考。
這樣的話，不但可以幫助你提升語境意識，而且亦可以令你文章更加連貫，引言，內文及結論都提及，可以提升你組織部份的分數 (Our main focus is ….. / Our role is….)
舉2017年作文題目為例
如果你的角色是一個社會服務社團會長，然後要你去列舉去探訪老人院的好處，你就可以從這個角度，強調因為我們是代表社會服務社團，所以我們可以做一個榜樣 (role model)，鼓勵及推動更多同學在未來參與相關的社會服務，這樣也是一個很好的方法，在文中提及自己的身份，令文章更加立體
Example: As the chairperson of the Social Services Club, we can act as a role model increasing the momentum (動力) for students to participate in voluntary services.
另外，如果題目沒有給予一個身份角色，你都可以自己構建一個角色，然後會增加文章的立體感，例如，如果問你同不同意，在學生的手提電話加入程式，以監控他們的使用電話情況，除咗我們平時諗points技巧之外，你可以自己建立角色，代入自己作為家長，你最關心的是子女的學習，所以即使你會有機會侵犯私隱，但是為了整體小朋友的着想，是無可避免的 (inevitable)，這樣就可以當你再做駁論，以及闡述立場的時候更鮮明，因為你已經有一個明顯的身份角色!
Example: As a parent, my top priority is children’s academic performance. While it is true that this initiative may invade their privacy, I still believe that it is inevitable for the sake of their academic studies.
DSE English paper 2
常見文種實用技巧
Argumentative Essay 議論文技巧
第一種題型也是最常出現的題型就是議論文了。
議論文也有分兩種，一種是One-side Argumentative Essay；
另一種是Two-side Argumentative Essay.
無論是那一種議論文，通常都會要求同學寫一篇Article/Letter to the Editor。
但整體來說，議論文都會要求同學提出三個原因，而題目有時也會提示同學要寫三個原因，
所以作答前要先看清楚題目。
題目例子 (節錄)
2020 Q9
You are a member of the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA). Write a letter to the President of the PTA stating your opinion either for or against a four-day school week. Give reasons to support your view.
One-sided Argumentative Essay
先說說One-side Argumentative Essay應如何作答。考評局最想同學的文章結構是：
- 3正1反 + 1駁論
- 3反1正 + 1駁論
簡單說，就是要有3個我方論點，然後指出1個反方論點再進行駁論。
Argumentative Essay 段落分佈
- Introduction
- Reason 1
- Reason 2
- Reason 3
- Counter-argument
- Rebuttal
- Conclusion
3個我方論點
基本上，
同學應該在文章第一段就表明自己的立場。
先介紹一下背景和正反觀點，然後就要清楚表明自己的立場。
寫論句時，記住要符合自己的立場。
在說出第一個論點時，可以標題句(Topic Sentence)前加上Ordinal Adverbs，
例如Firstly/ First / To start with。
然後可以用普通情況和個別例子作比較，用以解釋你的論點。
最後加上總結句重申你的第一個論點。
當寫完第一個論點後，就要開新段。
同樣地，加上Ordinal Adverbs (Second/Secondly/Next) ，
令考官知道你要開始說第二個論點，
然後加上例子和數據來解釋論點。
1個反方論點
為了論據足夠全面，同學除了要說自己的論點，也要兼顧反方的觀點。
當你寫好反方的觀點時，建議先寫一句讓步句，再開始駁論。
例如 Undeniably, this may be true in some cases.
這樣可以照顧到反方觀點，避免走向極端印象，令文章更全面客觀。
而且，這也可以讓你接下來的駁論更有說服力。
當你開始寫駁論時，可以加上轉折句(Transition Sentence)，
如However/Nonetheless/Nevertheless。
這能提讓考官清楚知道你要開始反駁了。
駁論可說是議論文最精彩的地方，這部分能看出同學的批判性思維有多強，
把反方的論據弱點攤出來再加以攻破，突顯我方的論點更為合理。
同樣地，同學可以用現實例子和數據加以解釋來擊破反方論據。
最後，同學要在末段重申自己立場和歸納所有論據，令文章更完整。
駁論 (Rebuttal)
駁論可謂是議論型文章的最精華部分，此部分最能看出同學的邏輯思維。
即所謂的「突破盲點」，取對方論據薄弱或前後矛盾處，加以攻破，突顯我方論點較言之成理。
值得留意的是同學寫 Counter-argument 的時候要同時考慮到這是不是一個自己有信心攻破的論點，否則只會在寫Rebuttal 的時候虎頭蛇尾！
Two-sided Argumentative Essay
Two-side Argumentative Essay跟one-side Argumentative Essay最太的不同是前者並不是以反駁為目的。
寫Two-side Argumentative Essay時，需要均衡鋪陳正反論點，而且你不需要有明確立場。
題目同常會提示同學寫出議題的好處和壞處，那麼，同學就要兩方立場都要寫出來。
文章結構普遍是2好2壞，並在結尾加上個人對未來的期望。
同學在寫文章時必須均衡例出好壞論點，如果寫了2好1壞，就會變了one-side Argumentative Essay。
在文章第一段，
同學可以先介紹背景資料及寫作目的。
然後開始寫議題的好處，同學可以用標題句+例子解釋(普通情況及個別情況)寫出2大好處。
在寫壞處前，建議同學先寫一段過渡段。
這段落用來告訴考官好處已經說完了，接下來會說壞處。
而且，過渡段可以做到承上啟下的作用，令文章條理分明。
接下來的2大壞處寫法跟好處一樣，用標題句+例子解釋(普通情況及個別情況)來帶出論點。
最後，同學可以在末段總結全文，然後加上個人對未來的展望。
最常見就是提出應盡量減少壞處的想法。同學不需要評論好壞論點，只要提供改善的想法便可。
DSE English paper 2
Argumentative Essay議論文 寫作公式
寫作 部份一：背景介紹
- According to / Based on + n., + SVO (根據)
- In recent years, + SVO (最近幾年)
- A recent report / study / survey + shows / suggests / reveals / demonstrates + that + SVO (報導 / 研究 / 調查 顯示…)
Example: According to government statistics, the suicide rate of Hong Kong has increased in recent years.
Example: In recent years, the living standard of many Chinese people has improved.
Example: A recent report reveals that more and more Hong Kong people are considering migrating to other countries.
寫作 部份二：引起關注/辯論
- n. + has (have) raised concerns about + n. (引起關注)
- n. + has (have) raised + sounded alarm bells about + n. (敲響警鐘)
- n. + is an alarming problem (令人擔憂的問題)
Example: The incident involving Lam Wai-sze has raised concerns about the moral standard of our teachers.
Example: The ferry disaster on Lamma Island last year has raised alarm bells about navigation safety in Hong Kong.
Example: Obesity is an alarming problem in our society.
寫作 部份三：寫作目的
- I am writing to + v. (我寫作的目的是)
- In this article (letter), I aim to + v. (在這篇文章中，我的目的是…)
- This article (letter) aims to + v. (這篇文章的目的是…)
Example: I am writing to express my concerns about (表達關注)animal cruelty in Hong Kong.
Example: In this article, I aim to explain the advantages of building casinos in Hong Kong.
Example: This article aims to introduce the activities of the Science Club and persuade students to become our members.
寫作 部份四：表達觀點
- It is my belief that / It is my conviction that + SVO (這是我的信念)
- From my point of view, + SVO (依我看)
- As far as I am concerned, / As for me, + SVO (就我而言)
Example: It is my belief that the government should make more efforts to integrate the minorities into society.
Example: From my point of view, the government should legalize gay marriage.
Example: As far as I am concerned, the government should not blindly pursue economic development at the expense of our valuable heritage.
寫作 部份五：標題句
- Apart from / In addition to + n., + SVO (除了…以外)
- What is more,/More importantly, + SVO (更重要的是)
- Secondly,/ In addition,/Additionally,/ Furthermore, /Moreover,/Besides,/Also, + SVO (除此以外)
Example: In addition to peer pressure, tremendous pressure in school life has also contributed to the problem of drug abuse.
Example: More importantly, poor academic results have disheartened many students and some of them have resorted to taking drugs to escape from the reality.
Example: Furthermore, extra-curricular activities can release our pressure.
寫作 部份六：寫原因
- SVO + for two / three reasons (…有兩/三個原因)
- There are + two / three / many/numerous/ + reasons for /causes of + n. (有幾個/很多原因)
- n. + is the culprit of + n. (…是…的罪魁禍首)
Example: The Chinese government should abolish the one-child policy for three reasons.
Example: There are several causes of the increasing suicide rate.
Example: The lack of concentration is the culprit of many students’ poor academic results.
寫作 部份七：好處與壞處/影響
- v. + ing /n. + can bring + many/several/numerous + benefits and drawbacks (…可以帶來很多好處和壞處)
- + v. + ing / n. + be + good for/ advantageous to/beneficial to/conducive to/instrumental in + v. + ing / n. (有好處的)
- + v. + ing / n. + be harmful to/detrimental to/deleterious to/injurious to + n. (有壞處的)
Example: Cooperating with property developers to build subsidized housing can bring several benefits and drawbacks.
Example: Developing a sophisticated education system is advantageous to the sustainable development of a country.
Example: Global warming will endanger the habitat of polar bears.
寫作 部份八：駁論
- Critics may argue/pinpoint/point out / emphasize + that + SVO
- There Is no denying that / It cannot be denied that + SVO (無可否認)
- The truth is that / The reality is that + SVO (事實是)
Example: Critics may point out that homosexual marriage will disrupt the norms and order of our society and pose risk to public health.
Example: There is no denying that some students may think that the compulsory test will offend them and some may even think that it is an insult.
Example: The truth is that the language standard of many students nowadays has declined sharply.
寫作 部份九：建議
- 序數詞, / 連接詞, + it is good / advantageous (for sbdy) to do sthg (…是有好處的)
- It is (high) time sbdy did sthg (是時候做)
- Sbdy + plays an important / a significant role in + sthg / v. + ing + sthg(扮演重要角色)
Example: Also, it is advantageous for the organizers to ban the use of mobile phones in the marathon.
Example: It is high time for the government to increase the construction of public housing estates.
Example: Parents play a significant role in developing their children into responsible and self-reliant individuals.
寫作 部份十：總結
- In conclusion, / To conclude, + SVO (總括來說)
- Sbdy + can / should / need(s) to / strike a balance between n. / v. + ing and n. / v. + ing (在兩者間取得平衡)
- All in all, + SVO(從各方面來說)
Example: In conclusion, indulgence and comfortable lifestyle have made many children over-dependent.
Example: The government can strike a balance between combating drug abuse and protecting students’ privacy.
Example: All in all, the street stalls in Mong Kok do more good than harm as they can let youngsters showcase their talent and attract tourists from the world.
DSE English paper 2 Expository Essay 說明文
首先，說明性文本以“說明”為主要模式，介紹和解釋特定項目或問題，甚至是抽象概念，
以便讀者獲得新的信息和對本文所討論事物的清晰理解。
而 DSE 英文 paper 2 說明文通常都會要求學生展述議題的好壞處、影響以及相關建議，
而且 DSE English Paper 2 的說明文會有小部分與描寫文相關。
標題 | |
Paragraph 1 (寫作目的) |
|
Paragraph 2 (影響一) |
|
Paragraph 3 (影響二) |
|
Paragraph 4 (承接上文，開啟下文) |
|
Paragraph 5 (建議一，要針對影響一) |
|
Paragraph 6 (建議二，要針對影響二) |
|
Paragraph 7 (總結) |
|
說明文 引言例子
建議題目開頭要點寫？
你會唔會諗極都落唔到筆？
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2021 writing Q3
You work in the sales department at Fast Fashion, an online company that sells clothes. Recently, you have received a number of complaints from customers about the company’s no-exchange/no-refund policy.
Write an email to the sales manager.
1. 寫作目的
I am writing to register my concern about a recent issue regarding the no-exchange policy.
2. 背景介紹
Up unit recently there has been a woefully large amount of complaints accumulated which were received incessantly throughout the year. Plainly put, must complaints, if not all, expressed their disappointment towards our company’s inability to return foul goods.
3. 重申寫作目的
To come to grips with this issue, after meticulous rumination I have decided to suggest changing our refund policy.
說明文 寫建議小tips
- 建議可牽涉以下stakeholders
students / teens | teachers | schools |
social workers | parents | the police |
the entertainment industry | the mass media | the government |
- 建議可分為concrete (具體) 和abstract (抽象)
Concrete (具體) | Abstract (抽象) |
set up laws / legislation | step up education |
step up law enforcement | step up publicity |
monitoring / supervision | put up commercials |
carry out raids | organize public campaigns |
spend money / allocate resources | provide counseling services |
provide financial assistance | step up cooperation / step up collaboration |
strengthen communication |
- 建議可分short run(短期) 和long run (長期)
Example: Poverty alleviation
Short Run | Long Run |
distribute cash | implement 16-year free education |
provide transportation subsidy for the poor | increase the number of university places |
strengthen vocational training |
建議要符合以下原則
- suggestion要針對每個problem，想problems前要考慮suggestions
- Feasibility (可行性) 🡪 時間/成本/地點/人力資源/受歡迎程度
- Effectiveness (成效)
- Coverage (廣泛性) 🡪 越多人受益/參與越好
- Creativity (創意)
建議4步曲 P.A.D.A.
step 1:Problem
In response to the severe/acute problem of _________, we should take the initiative to ….
step 2:Advice
黃金三角形
- Education
- Law
- Financial support
step 3:Details [Examples]
The parents should tell them “what to do when they are free” “why they need to …” once a week.
step 4:Advantages [discussion]
- 對不同人
- 短期/ 中期 / 長期
- 概念性
This is beneficial to their personal growth
建議結尾方法
- Appeal (呼籲)
- Warning (警告)
- 總結建議 + 好處
- 表達希望
建議題注意事項
- Suggestion題目要先分析問題，再給建議
- Transitional paragraph要獨立1段
- 問題和建議內容要均衡 2問題 + 2建議 // 3問題 + 3建議
- Describe situation或Express my concern可用1段交代
DSE English paper 2 Descriptive Writing
描寫抒情文
描述文寫作的主要目的是描述一個人、一個地方或一個事物，使讀者在腦海中形成一幅圖畫。
通過描述性寫作捕捉事件涉及使用所有五種感官密切關注細節。
在 DSE 英文 paper 2 中，這種題目是較少見，但並非沒有。
重點就係形容得幾細緻，同一個動作我地都會有唔同嘅詞語去形容
例如：
食野
係狼吞虎嚥定慢慢嘅食
行路
係漫步定急步?
Skill 1:心情具體化
happy
快樂
- I felt excited and was jumping up and down. 我高興的跳來跳去。
- I felt on top of the world. 我感到非常高興
sad
傷心
- I felt very sad and began to sob. 我感到非常傷心，開始啜泣。
- I shook my head and sighed deeply. 我搖頭歎息和深呼吸。
- My heart sank. 我的心往下沉。
surprised
驚奇
- My mouth and eyes opened wide. 我張大了口和瞪大了眼睛。
- I raised my eyebrows. 我揚眉。
- I could not believe my eyes. 我不能相信我的眼睛。
terrified
驚慌
- My body was trembling. 我的身體在發抖。
- My hands were shaking. 我的手在震動。
- My heart was beating fast. 我的心跳的很快。
- I fell to the ground and fainted. 我倒在地上，然後暈倒。
nervous
緊張
- My body was trembling. 我的身體在發抖。
- My hands were shaking. 我的手在震動。
- I took a deep breath. 我深呼吸。
- Sweat ran across my head. 我的頭在冒汗。
confused
混亂
- My mind was a blank. 我的腦海一片空白。
- I stood still and didn’t know what to do. 我站著不動，不知道怎麼辦。
relieved
放心
- I breathed a sigh of relief. 我鬆了一口氣。
angry
憤怒
- He was very angry and clenched his fist. 他憤怒得握著拳頭。
- His face was like thunder. 他的臉像雷電一樣。
- His eyes were full of fire. 他的眼神充滿怒火。
Skill 2:動詞多樣化
說話
said 說
- The kindergarten student said to his teacher, “I want to eat the candies.”
tell 告訴
- Mary told me that she loved cartoons.
- Mary told me about her hobbies.
shout 呼喊
- The police shouted his orders.
- The man shouted at his son roughly.
scream 尖叫
- Everyone screamed when the fire broke out.
- When Eason Chan went onstage, his fans screamed loudly.
yell 號叫
- Miss Chan yelled at her mischievous student.
cheer 歡呼
- The spectators cheered Liu Xiang as he won the men’s 110 metres hurdles in the 2004 Olympics.
whisper 低聲說
- The man whispered to his girlfriend softly.
roar 大叫
- The teacher roared angrily, “You all don’t hand in your homework. You are all dogs!”
chat 聊天
- Mary chatted with her friends happily during the recess.
grumble 抱怨
- Hong Kong people often grumble about skyrocketing food prices.
還有其他很多動詞都可以做類似的行為，例如：走、看、吃等。在 DSE 英文 paper 2 都可以用到
Skill 3:加入副詞
正面副詞
cheerfully (高興地)
He said cheerfully, “The dog is very lovely!”
seriously (認真地)
“You should try your best to get good results in the HKDSE.” Mr. Yu said to his student.
encouragingly (鼓舞地)
Kobe Bryant answered the reporters encouragingly, “I have recovered and I will play very soon.”
happily (開心地)
“I don’t need to go to school today!” Maruko exclaimed happily.
joyfully (歡樂地)
Peter said to his father joyfully, “I have won the singing contest!”
honestly (誠實地)
“I’m afraid I don’t agree with you,” he said honestly.
politely (有禮地)
“Would you mind lending me this book?” I asked politely.
respectfully (恭敬地)
The students said to the teacher respectfully, “Good morning, Mr. Pun.”
負面副詞
angrily (憤怒地)
“Get out of this room! Now!” my brother yelled angrily.
abrasively (粗魯地)
David said abrasively, “Give me your homework and let me copy it!”
dejectedly (傷心地)
“I am ugly and no one wants to be my friend.” The duck grumbled dejectedly.
discouragingly (洩氣地)
The boy replied discouragingly, “It is rainy today. I think that even the sky doesn’t like me!”
impolitely (無禮地)
“You are a useless teacher!” Mary shouted at Mr. Lee impolitely.
rudely (粗魯地)
Betty said to Bobby rudely, “You are as fat as a pig!” Then, Bobby barked ceaselessly.
sadly (傷心地)
“No one understands my feelings!” Sammy moaned sadly.
Skill 4:多角度形容人物
hair (頭髮)
He has a short hair. 他有短頭髮。 | She has a long hair. 她有長頭髮。 |
She has wavy hair. 她有捲髮。 | His hair is untidy. 他頭髮不整齊。 |
The middle-aged man is bald. 這個中年男人禿頭。 | He has black hair. 他有黑頭髮。 |
The old lady has white hair. 這位老女士有白頭髮。 | She has a ponytail. 她有馬尾辮子。 |
skin (皮膚)
She has a rosy cheek. 她有紅潤的面頰。 | The old man is wrinkly. 這位伯伯有皺紋。 |
The teenage girl is sun-tanned. 這位少女曬黑了。 | The robber has a scar on his face. 這個賊臉上有疤痕。 |
DSE English paper 2 Article 專欄文章
專欄文章寫作是一種在媒體的幫助下為吸引大量受眾而撰寫的寫作。
就文章寫作而言，出版社是指報紙、雜誌、期刊等的出版社。
撰寫報紙文章，或撰寫雜誌。
在 DSE 英文 paper 2 中，這種文章是十分常見，而且在卷二寫作中，已經開始把article融入其他文章，
例如：2020 DSE English Paper 2 Part A Food Review！
Article 技巧 口訣
口訣:
- 引
- 爆
- 你
- 講笑
- ?
咩黎架？
引：引用
爆：爆個秘密俾你聽
你：多用you，同讀者互動
講笑：就講笑營造輕鬆的氣氛
？：多問問題
Article 實用句子
以下係上面口訣延伸嘅一啲符合article嘅句子
在 DSE 英文 paper 2 是能夠運用的！
- You may wonder the services
- What are the secrets behind the free collection?
- Many, if not all, may perceive that SVO. Surprisingly, this is not I / We think. In fact, 句子
- 句子/ noun. My experience, however, is not that cliched. In fact, 句子
- Guess what we have. Actually, 句子
- 句子. While it is true, I can tell you – 句子.
- Let’s check out noun
- ______________________________
- Moving onto the next area: noun
- Don’t disclose to others, just kidding!
- Do not fret, my beloved one! (Don’t panic)
- Guess what?
- What a bargain, right?
- Doesn’t it sound exciting?
Article 伏位
Essay 同Article 分別
Skills:
Essay 無格式 [深字深句] + 無入戲句
Article 互動:
Speech 同Article 分別
Speech 對象: audience｜ imagine this: what will you feel if you were me? Great I see all of you are nodding.
Article 對象: readers ｜ you may wonder why / what are the secrets behind?
Article 小實戰
Even if you are not an enthusiast of fashion trends, surely you have noticed the full-fledged trend of Athleisure. Take a stroll in the streets and it is not difficult for us to notice that many are wearing sporty clothes. In fact, there is an increasing ubiquity for people wearing clothes designed for exercise to go to streets and even work. Why so? Why have people given up the business suits? What makes people change so much in their wearing styles? Read on if you wish to know why such a once-obscure trend has blossomed into a prevalent phenomenon!
DSE English paper 2 Letter 書信技巧
書信形式主要分為兩種：
- Formal Letter (例如 Letter to the editor)
參考題目：2012 English Paper 2 Q6 Learning English through Popular Culture (Write a letter to the editor…)
- Informal Letter(例如Letter of advice)
參考題目：2012 English Paper 2 Q8 Learning English through Workplace Communication (Write an email to your friend…)
Formal Letter 離不開公函或商業書信。由於你不認識書寫對象，行文時要用有禮貌的語氣。因此，以下幾點同學們需要注意一下：
- 如果不知道對方姓名，上款應以Dear Sir/Madam稱呼對方；如果知道對方身分卻不知道姓名，如對方是Editor，上款可以是Dear Editor；如果知道對方姓名，上款只需要寫對方姓氏就可以了，例如Dear Mr. Leung/Dear Miss Chan
- 不要用縮寫，例如I’m, you’re, we’re等，這些都是對著朋友才會用
- 下款有兩種情況，第一是知道對方姓名，那麼下款會用Yours sincerely。第二種情況是不認識對方，而且不知道對方姓名，那麼下款會用Yours faithfully
Formal Letter 寫作公式
寫作部份一：寫作目的
- I am writing to express my concerns about + n.(表達關注)
- I am writing in reply to the letter on + 日期 about + n. (回信)
寫作部份二：背景介紹
- According to / Based on + n., + SVO (根據)
- In recent years, + SVO (最近幾年)
Nowadays, + SVO (今時今日) - A recent report / study / survey +
shows / suggests / reveals / demonstrates + that + SVO (報導 / 研究 / 調查 顯示…)
寫作部份三：簡述內容
- In this letter, I aim to + v. + 詳細資料
- In this letter, I will + v. +詳細資料
寫作部份四：標題句
- Moreover,/Besides,/Also, + SVO (除此以外)
- What is more,/More importantly, + SVO (更重要的是)
- Last but not least,/Lastly, + SVO (最後一點是)
- Concerning / Regarding / with regard to/As regards / As for + n., + SVO (就…而論)
寫作部份五：寫原因
- n. + is a reason for / is one of the reasons for + n. (…是…的其中一個原因)
- + is a cause of / is one of the causes of + n. (…是…的其中一個原因)
- The reason + why + SVO+ is that + SVO (…的原因是…)
- n. + engender/contribute to/ lead to/result in/bring about + n. (導致)
寫作部份六：寫影響
- v. + ing / n. + be + good for/ advantageous to/beneficial to/conducive to/instrumental in
- + v. + ing / n. (有好處的)
- v. + ing / n. improve /enhance/strengthen/ameliorate + n. (改善)
- v. + ing / n. + be harmful to/detrimental to/deleterious to/injurious to + n. (有壞處的)
- v. + ing / n. harm / endanger / compromise /jeopardize / undermine+ v. + ing / n.(危及)
- v. + ing / n. hinder / impede/ hamper (妨礙) + n.
寫作部份七：表達觀點
- I think that / I believe that + SVO (我相信)
- From my point of view, + SVO (依我看)
- In my opinion, + SVO (按照我的看法)
- As far as I am concerned, / As for me, + SVO (就我而言)
寫作部份八：建議
- In the following, + I will suggest some ways to + v. (以下，我會提出幾個方法)
- In the following, I will make some suggestions.
- To tackle/ cure/deal with/ cope with + the problem of + n., + I will put forward some suggestions.
- To tackle/ cure / deal with/ cope with the problem of + n., + I will put forward the following recommendations. (為了解決…問題，我會提出以下建議)
- 序數詞, / 連接詞 + I suggest/advise/propose/recommend that + SVO. (我提議)
- 序數詞, / 連接詞, + it is good / advantageous (for sbdy) to do sthg (…是有好處的)
- By / Through + n. / v. + ing, + sbdy + can + do sthg
Sbdy + can + do sthg by / through + n. / v. + ing (通過)
寫作部份九：結論
- In conclusion, / To conclude, + SVO (總括來說)
- In sum, / To sum up, + SVO (總括來說)
Informal Letter 技巧
Informal Letter 通常是寫給朋友或認識的人。Letter of advice是比較常見的一種，行文語氣可以直接一點。以下有幾點同學們需要在書寫時注意的：
- 上款可以直接寫收件人名字，例如Dear Michael/Dear Maggie
- 可以用縮寫，例如I’m, you’re, we’re等
- 下款比較多樣化，可以用Best regards/Regards/Take care/Best wishes等
Informal Tone
你地寫informal嘅文
會唔會覺得仲難啲
唔知點先叫唔formal？
睇下 5** 狀元點寫啦！
1. 懶係有嘢同大家講
I can’t wait to share this joyous experience with you!
Now, listen on and I will tell you more about it.
2. 反問讀者
Isn’t this splendid?
but can you imagine the blend of these two displays?
3. 用括號講自己心底話
Merging the stiff texture of baguette and the judicious of well skinned ‘cha site (a salute to the impressive skills of the chef)
相信大家見過吓都會識寫
呢啲小技巧就會令你篇文章變的無咁正經！
DSE English paper 2
Proposal 計劃書技巧
1 .標題
一般而言，都會要求考生為報告配上一個合適的標題，而考生都為之煩惱，其實簡易一句便可。
- A Proposal on ___________
- An Investigation into ___________
- An Analysis of ___________
“簡單就是美” 不必花巧，能夠得分便是真理，只要緊記務必在題目要求下加上標題即可。
2 .內容結構
與報告 （Report） 一樣
Introduction
Idea 1
Idea 2
Idea 3
Conclusion
適宜把每一個建議清楚分開，再逐個加入詳盡解釋不應把每個建議混為一談。
3. 小標題
建議書，顧名思義向某人提出建議以尋求改善問題，所以文章的內容結構應該整潔簡短，不宜出現“長氣”的情況，在proposal 格式 上，各位都可以善用小標題。例如：
Introduction
Backgrounds
Recommendations
Conclusions
4. 語境意識
由於是計畫書，用作向他人匯報，所以在用詞及寫作上應該使用被動式而非主動。
況且，一份計畫書應該呈現客觀持平的一面，而非帶有主觀的意見，所以在寫作報告時應該注意避免使用 “I”“You” 等用詞。
- It is reported that 句子
- It is suggested that 句子
- It is presented that 句子
- noun (名詞) is requested to…
DSE English paper 2 Report 報告技巧
報告的格式和計劃書非常相似，也是包含1個標題 (Title) 及若干個副標題 (Sub-headings)。
所以最常見的題目是和社會議題有關 (Social Issues)，要求考生就某項社會議題撰寫一項研究報告。
參考題目: 2017 Eng Paper 2 Q7 Learning English Through Social Issues (“Write a report to explain why the number of NEETS are rising…”)
1 .標題
一般而言，都會要求考生為報告配上一個合適的標題，而考生都為之煩惱，其實簡易一句便可。
- A Proposal/Report on ___________
- An Investigation into ___________
- An Analysis of ___________
“簡單就是美” 不必花巧，能夠得分便是真理，只要緊記務必在題目要求下加上標題即可。
2 .內文
報告應該保持精簡，所以要講重點，務求令他人可以短時間內便明白所報告事項，而內容應包括 :
- Introduction
Introduction
-> The purpose of ……
Analysis of results
-> It is reported that ……
誤：First, …
正：To commence,
誤：Then, next, Also…
正：It is proposed that… It is suggested that…
多運用不同的句子來開頭比起沉悶的“Also”，“and”等連接詞，當然更令人耳目一新，為文章添加生氣。
- Body paragraphs
-> Facts about the data/statistics
-> Generalization from data/statistics
- Conclusion
-> Summary
-> Recommendation(s)
不必浪費筆墨，簡化即可。
3. 上下款
報告真的只是一份報告，
不要以為自己在寫作實用文或
受到不同人名影響便加上下款，
所以不要在緊張下犯下大錯。
4 .語境意識
由於是報告，用作向他人匯報，所以在用詞及寫作上應該使用被動式而非主動。
況且，一份報告應該呈現客觀持平的一面，而非帶有主觀的意見，所以在寫作報告時應該注意避免使用 “I”“You” 等用詞。
- It is reported that 句子
- It is suggested that 句子
- It is presented that 句子
- noun (名詞) is requested to…
DSE English paper 2
Speech 演講辭技巧
卷二會出現的演講辭場合有幾種：
早會(Assembly)、
開幕禮(致歡迎辭 Welcoming Speech)、
謝師宴(致謝辭 Thank-you Speech 或
祝辭 Farewell Speech)及
辯論會(辯論演講辭Debate Speech)。
同學需要代入題目中的角色撰寫演講辭，例如學會主席和活動司儀。
因此，同學需留意文章的語景意識(Context)是否正確，這是演講辭的考核重點。
另外，同學要在落筆前先弄清楚誰是你的聽眾(Target Audience)及目的(Aim / Purpose)。
以2012 paper 2 Q5 (Write a speech to give at the next school assembly…)為例，我們否以看到演講辭是在早會朗讀的，
目的是讓更多人加入辯論學會，而聽眾就是參加早會的人。
掌握了這些機本資料後，就可以開始下筆。
首先要打招呼，
由於是早會演講，所以會用Good morning everyone/schoolmates，
然後做一個自我介紹，讓聽眾知道你是誰和代表甚麼組織發言，
再來就是說一下演講目的和內容簡介。
這就是演講辭一開始應包括的內容。
之後的段落，就可以介紹學會的活動，然後說出活動的好處及長遠有何得著，
讓聽眾了解加入學會後會有多好。
最後，補上一個小總結及呼籲聽眾參加活動，並以Thank you/Thank you for your attention作為結束演講。
同學要記住，演講辭篇幅不宜太長，簡單易明就可，過於冗長會使聽眾感到疲倦，會大大減低了想聽下去的興趣。
參考題目: 2016 Eng Paper 2 Q1 (Write a speech to welcome new students on the first day of school)
DSE English paper 2
Speech 演講辭 寫作公式
Speech 部分一： Greeting (打招呼)
- Good morning, everyone.
- Good afternoon, principal, teachers, parents and schoolmates.
- Good evening, honourable guests, ladies and gentlemen,
Speech 部分二：Self-introduction (自我介紹)
- I am 姓名, + 職位 + of 組織名稱
- On behalf of + 組織名稱, I …….. (代表組織演講)
- I am honoured to + v. (我很榮幸…)
Example: I am Chris Wong, the president of the Students’ Union.
Example: On behalf of the English Society, I am going to introduce the upcoming activities in the next three months.
Example: I am honoured to have the chance to speak in front of you all.
Speech 部分三：Aim of the speech (演講目的)
- I would like to take this opportunity to + share with you + 名詞片語 (我想藉這次機會跟你們分享…)
Example: I would like to take this opportunity to share with you the advantages of being a volunteer.
2021年part A — Aim of the speech
If I were to ask you what the large tragedy of 2020 was, what would you say?
如果我問你2020年的大悲劇是甚麼，你會說甚麼？
Perhaps the unfortunate cancellation of the annual school fair last year?
也許是去年一年一度的學校博覽會不幸取消了？
Well, if that’s the case, fear not, as I am incredibly proud to announce that our annual school fair will be making a comeback on 29th May 2021 from 12 pm to 4 pm!好吧，如果是這種情況，請不要害怕，因為我非常自豪地宣布，我們的年度學校博覽會將於2021年5月29日中午12點至下午4點捲土重來
So, why should you go? Listen on to find out!
所以，你為什麼要去？ 聽一聽就知道了！
Speech 部分四：Body of the speech (演講內文)
- Let’s start with + 名詞 + 詳細資料 (不如我們以…開始)
- As some of you may know, + SVO (你們當中有些人可能知道…)
- For most of you, + SVO (對於你們大多數人來說)
- 活動 + will be held + at 地點 + in/on 日期 (舉辦活動)
Example: Let’s start with the activities we organize.
Example: As some of you may know, I am an active volunteer.
Example: For most of you, English is difficult to master.
Example: We will organize an inter-class English drama competition in May.
Speech 部分五：End of the speech (演講結束)
- I believe you can learn a lot by + v. + ing (我相信你通過…會學到很多東西)
- Please seize this opportunity to + v. (把握機會…)
- Don’t hesitate. Come and join us now. (不要猶豫，加入我們)
- That’s the end of my speech. Thank you very much. (演講到此為止，謝謝)
Example: I believe you can learn a lot by joining the English Club.
Example: Please seize this opportunity to join our club.
DSE English paper 2
評份準則
大家都知道卷二的三大評分準則是CLO
內容(Content)、文筆(Language)及組織(Organization)。
那麼，同學應該如何在這三方面都取得分數呢？這裡有幾個建議可以讓同學參考一下：
Content
- 貼題十分重要，同學可以用上面的審題技巧來幫助自己在作答時緊扣題目要求
- 解釋要有例子support，能用上數據或名人事跡會更好
- 文章能吸引讀者興趣，所以有創意及內容豐富都會大大加分
Language
- 首先，文章儘量不要有串錯字，這會大大影響文筆分。
- 能寫出多變的句子會加分，但如果不確定文句的用法，建議在你完全了解用法後再使用該文句，否則會弄巧反拙。
- 能用多變的詞彙會加分，同學可以透過記同義詞(Synonyms)令文章詞彙更豐富
- 充分掌握文章的語景意識，使用正確的語景意識也很重要
Organization
- 段落之間要有連貫性，而且要有邏輯。同學可以多活用連接詞(Conjunctions)，令段落之間更連貫。在適當時候加上過渡段也可以加強段落的連貫性
- 文章結構嚴謹精密，並且符合文體
DSE English 寫作常見疑問
英文寫作卷時間分配技巧
兩個鐘加埋 120 分鐘，我建議大家花最多2/5時間 (~ 45 分鐘) 完成 Part A，剩餘 3/5 時間
(~ 75 分鐘) 寫 Part B，另外每 Part 預留前後5分鐘諗points + Proofread，所以
Breakdown 完個最佳應試時間分配應該係：
Part A = 5 min 諗points + 30 min writing + 5 min proofread
Part B = 5 min 諗points + 70 min writing + 5 min proofread
當然實際時間可能因應你當天狀態有改動，例如 Part A 的諗points時間較短，可以更快移動到 Part B。
總之最緊要記得，無論發生咩事，個鐘一過咗 45 分鐘就要忍痛去 Part B，如果咪就一定會做唔切！
另外亦唔好貪方便唔proofreading，這個步驟尤關重要，隨時幫大家升一個 Grade！
大家都一定有這個經歷：
寫完一篇文章然後自我感覺良好，當老師批改完後有超多grammar 錯誤，滿江紅！
所以大家一定要proofread！
DSE英文作文內容才是皇道？
好多人以為內容要諗好深的points…其實只要學返好正確的寫作框架，就算你唔背好多野，練好思維。
其實都可以好快幫你DSE英文作文拎高分 例如引言應該點寫?
唔係求其 Nowadays…… 就算內文點樣鋪排，點樣比例子，全部都係有技巧及框架 大家應該重視這方面!!!
記住Content is King! 唔好成日比靚字吸引住。
用深字深句DSE作文就高分？
好多人覺得5**文章用左好多深字深句，所以就攞住啲天書，背哂佢，以為自己學左好多，自我感覺良好，但大家忽略一個重要邏輯。
5**狀元DSE英文作文拎5**，深字深句只係其中一個元素，其實佢地仲做左好多其他野，幫助佢文章拎到5**。
但好多時，同學甚至我地同行都比較少留意。
但改卷員不是傻的，你無內容，無Grammar，亂放只會更低分。
我都可以而家教你一堆深字深句A kaleidoscope of (一系列…) Excruciating pressure (巨大壓力)
但你前後寫D “I is a boy” 的Grammar 句式出來，根本係無用 所以唔好只追求fancy 字，放低執著。
充分善用過渡句及過渡段？
如果考試的時候，題目要求比兩個部份，例如要求你分別講解某個議題(issues)的問題及影響 (causes and effects)，或者影響及建議 (effects and suggestions)，你中間一定要加過渡段，很多同學以為求其寫一句就算，這是非常重要的，因為會影響你的組織分，以及整篇文章的整體結構!
至於過渡句，我會建議，大家可以多善用一些簡單的句子結構 (Apart from .. / Aside from… / Not only…)，然後當你在每一段第一句的時候就可以多些運用，這些又可以比人感覺你有緊扣這篇文章的組織，亦可以加分
例子:
- Apart from education (上一段的point), we can focus on the potential economic growth. (今段的point)
- Aside from education, we can focus on the potential economic growth. (今段的point)
靚字好多好多限制？
本身靚字無問題，但用法有好多限制，所以你一定要小心。例如: cease 同stop都係同義詞，但cease 只可用於物件，不可用於人。
例句: The government ceases the project. 好多同學根本無時間了解佢地的用法，所以比你用左都無法幫你喺DSE英文作文裏面拎高分。
怎樣背 vocabulary
小編建議大家先背一些非常常用的字眼，連接詞。
例如：方法的英文；問題的英文；解決辦法的英文。
例如：段落與段落之間的字眼。
然後，尋找一些5**文章，觀察他們的用字，句式 ，常用字。
這樣才能真正學到 Vocab / Sentence Patterns 是現實考試中是怎樣用，怎樣用得高分。
Lvl 2 怎樣上 Lvl 5
小編會建議大家先處理大家的grammar error。
大家可以拿日校的文章，看看有哪些文法錯誤，然後上網例如我們的blog，重新學習那些grammar item 怎樣運作，並且要求自己不要再錯。
這樣應該可以將大家有Lvl 2 上 Lvl 3 甚至4。
然後，學習5**文章的用字，sentence pattern，以及他們如何諗points。
有咩可以背定入考場
香港的資料
例如：國際大都會、東方之珠、美食天堂
不論你打算選哪⼀個topic，
DSE題⽬通常以⾹港為背景，即使內容如何變，但萬變不離其宗。
而且這些字眼絕對可以引起marker共鳴，那麼你就有優勢！
善用多元連接詞
Writing 其實係十分依賴考生既基本功，例如Grammar、詞彙等等寫作時最忌多次重覆使用同一個字，尤其是conjunction，例如: and、but
同學可使用其他字像together with, along with, as well as, moreover, in addition to, yet, nonetheless, nevertheless 等等
另外要留意段落長度，適當的時候應該分段，也不應不斷用逗號延續句子。
多用不同句式
句子的結構也不應大部分相同，否則亦會產生單調的效果，但同學在用之前亦應先充分了解不同句子的用法和注意事項 例如compound sentences, complex sentences 及compound-complex sentences
例如:
- With the intensification of 名詞, 句子
- Never should we overlook the fact that 句子
- if not…. 甚至原句：
It is difficult to do it.進化後的句式：
It is difficult, if not impossible, to do it.
很難，甚至不可能去做 - be it A or B – 不論 A 或B
原句: I love my sister and mother in my family.
進化後的句式：I love the women in my family, be it, my sister or mother.
想提醒一下大家，當選用比較進階的句子結構時，必須小心，不能只靠死背最深的句子結構。
你一定要留意題目中的格式，如果考試的時候是出，大多數的句子結構都能運用，但是如果是一些比較互動性文體，
例如演講詞或者寫給朋友的信 (Personal Letter)，就記住一定不可以用非常深的句子結構，尤其是千萬不要在一段裏面用3-4個倒裝句，反而會更低分!
小心字詞配搭
另外，唔少同學經常會錯字詞配搭 (collocations)，例如: enthusiasm 後面要用for，make a mistake 唔係did a mistake，a quick shower 唔係 fast shower
係到可以比大家幾個可以背定的作文常用的詞彙，例如「重要」、「值得」、「缺乏」等不同的同義詞。最好每個常用的詞彙最少要有3-5個組合。例如: 「重要」，可以用important / significant / crucial / critical / paramount 等，但當然並不是每個字都可以在任何埸合用得到，一定要知道每個字的formality。
如果底子不好的同學就要搵Spencer sir先打好grammar底子，不然會被扣很多分。
如果大家有什麼英文問題，如Spencer Lam, 好唔好咁樣學英文呀? 或者IELTS考試，成人英文/商業英文的知識及英文資源，歡迎你可以隨時再跟我多交流一下，可以Follow 「Spencer Lam English Team」 Facebook page同IG得到更多英文資訊，亦都可以上 https://spencerlam.hk/ 了解更多!
